Moralitys Biological Nature - 2047 Words

Moralitys Biological Nature: Implications for the Attribution of Good and Evil. A man who has no assured and ever present belief in the existence of a personal God or of a future existence with retribution and reward, can have for his rule of life, as far as I can see, only to follow those impulses and instincts which are the strongest or which seem to him the best ones. . . . If he acts for the good of others, he will receive the approbation of his fellow men and gain the love of those with whom he lives. - Charles Darwin In my last paper Serial Killers: Just trying to feel normal, its not my fault (4) I addressed the question as to whether biology can make us murderers. In my paper I catalogued multiple instances in†¦show more content†¦These individuals may simply be impaired and hard-wired incorrectly, in such a way that they do not fall into a category of evil or wrong, but into a category of less wrong, and even unfortunate individuals who have been denied the ability to empathize with others and understand the inherently (and mandatory) intentional natures of good and evil behaviors. As science begins to unravel personality, accountability unravels with it. The person becomes his parts - some working, some defective through no fault of his own. (4) Morality is as firmly grounded in neurobiology as anything else we do or are, said de Waal (6). Morality must be seen as a state that is available to our species as a whole, and thus the biological impairment of not having morality would be seen as what allows us to throw off the drastic label of evil for he who has impairment. The idea that morality might be a biological trait in the human nature dates even back to the father of evolution. In The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin addressed the development of a moral sense from a naturalistic perspective (1). He implies that morality could have arisen as a consequence of human beings biological and social characteristics. This would imply that it isShow MoreRelatedKohlbergs Theory of Moral Development1236 Words   |  5 Pagessocial contract, which is ultimately the highest level of moral reasoning. This is evidenced in everyday life due to the fact the when pressed, individuals are incapable of providing evidence for any kind of unive rsal ethical value not explained by biological, physiological, or cultural evolution (which ultimately means that it is not in fact universal). Recognizing that the highest level of moral reasoning is based in the social contract is important for psychologists and the public alike, becauseRead MoreOrigins of Morality Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped in the history of humanity. He returned to the very beginning when man lived in the state of nature. He said that man was generally good but not in a moral sense that we know today, probably in a way of usefulness that would benefit us for our survival. The savage did not possess an understanding and knowledge of morality; the ideas of â€Å"good or bad† were actually not inherent in their nature (Discourse on Inequality, pg. 68). His main concern was to survive through fulfilling his basic needsRead MoreFree Will, Nature, And Nurture3271 Words   |  14 Pages The Origins of Morality: How Nature, Nurture, and Especially Free Will Influence One’s Moral Framework Political Science 302 Free Will, Nature, and Nurture in Politics and Society March 16, 2015 Lindsey Macalalad When thinking about morality, it is necessary to consider how aspects from both nature and nurture, along with free will, may form ones moral beliefs and dictate ones moral actions. To understand how moral beliefs as well as actions formulate and operate within individualsRead MoreMoralitys Foundations : Nurture Or Nature?1871 Words   |  8 PagesMorality’s Foundations: Nurture or Nature? The foundations of human morality have often been a point of contention in the scientific and psychological communities, with researchers frequently debating if human morals are innate sensations that are hardwired into one’s genetic makeup or that morals start out as a blank slate that are simply molded by the environment in which an individual was brought up. In recent times, we have seen a vast amount of scientific publications favoring both sides of

The Reformation Movement Of The German Town Of Marburg On...

In the German town of Marburg-on-the-Lahn over the days of the 1st-4th October 1529 a meeting of minds was convened. Those involved were the leading theologians of a burgeoning religious movement. Their hearts and minds were focussed on the reformation of the church, driven by their love for, and study of Scripture. Conversely there still remained strongly held, widely different views on certain matters of belief and practice. These views were polarised around the issue of Eucharistic understanding, an issue, which at its core had implications for the immediate context of the reformation movement, and the course of the wider early modern social, political and ecclesiastical history . Implications, which at the deepest level, involved†¦show more content†¦The seeking of protective alliances was a crucial matter in the context of the German movement, Owen Chadwick describes the Germany of the 16th century as governed by a miscellany of local powers, princes, bishops, city mag istrates, nobles or robber barons, knights. The Central government was weak and these local powers depended on local strength rather than upon weak imperial law. The previous year had seen war panic whereby Otto von Pack provisional chancellor of the Duchy of Saxony, fraudulently led Phillip into the belief that Ferdinand of Austria, the Electors of Mainz and Brandenburg, the Dukes of Saxony and Bavaria, and other Roman Catholic rulers had concluded a league at Breslau, May 15, 1527, for the extermination of Protestantism. This fraught situation had elicited a rash response from Phillip, which had painted the Protestant princes as ‘aggressors and disturbers of the peace’. These issues coupled with the recent chaos of the Peasants war (1524-25) impressed upon Phillip and many of those attending Marburg, the necessity and urgency of an alliance built on common belief and practise. Tensions in Switzerland between Protestant and Catholic cantons had lead to violence, and the formulation of a â€Å"Christian Union† by catholic cantons, backed by Frederick, Duke of Austria, with the aim of protecting the faith. The formulation of this ‘Christian Union’ was

The Role of Beatrice Portinari in Dante The Divine Comedy

Beatrice Portinari is seen throughout the book of â€Å"Dante The Divine Comedy†. She originally meets Dante in the year 1274, on May Day in Florence, Italy. Beatrice is from a wealthy Florentine family and was eight years old the first time they meet and did not speak a word to each other (Cotter, 21). She was the principle inspiration for Dante’s La Vita Nuova, a book about Dante’s love connection to her (Passages to the Past). Dante and Beatrice have only met twice, but Dante was so touched by both meetings he shares his love for Beatrice with the reader. The second encounter occurred when they passed each other on the streets of Florence. She turned and greeted him; this filled him with such joy that he ran to his room and started to†¦show more content†¦In this sense Beatrice seems as the only evidence on why Dante should continue his journey through hell. Beatrice is the reason why Dante even made it through the underworld, by sending a guide do wn to help him. Her love for him got him through hell and on to the next chapter of his journey. Beatrice is seen in Dante’s Purgatory when she comes to him in a griffin drawn chariot. She comes down to Dante wearing a white veil representing faith, a green cape symbolizing hope and underneath the cape she wore a robe of flaming red signifying burning love. When she first arrives to Dante she comes to him in a harsh approach, something like an admiral. She does this to try to get a confession out of Dante, and mention to him that he cannot continue his journey if he is not happy and cleansed (University of Texas at Austin). Beatrice comes to him and mentions to him that Virgil can no longer help on his quest, he cannot leave limbo. Beatrice speaks to Dante and tells him to not weep about the fact that Virgil cannot help him on his journey anymore, but to look forward to the next point in his journey. She comes to him and tells Dante to wash himself in the waters of Lethe (Kline). This will cleanse him and take away his sins. She also mentions the waters of Euone will help restore good in Dante. Beatrice can take Dante on to the next realm throughShow MoreRelatedDantes Voyage Through Hell1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Inferno was written by Dante Alighieri around 1314 and depicts the poet’s imaginary journey through Hell. Dante spent his life traveling from court to court both lecturing and writing down his experiences. His Divine Comedy – the three-part epic poem consisting of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso (Hell, Purgatory and Heaven)– is generally regarded as one of the greatest poetic feats ever accomplished. All three parts are incredible literary feats with symbolism so complex and beautiful thatRead MoreTaking a Look at the European Renaissance Essays1385 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies of reason, individuality, and learning. Numerous people developed an interest in a philosophy known as humanism, also referred to as humanistic studies or the humanities, which challenged the structure of society, especially when considering the role of the church. Such ideas sparked responses from a multitude of people that were beginning to doubt the arrangement of European society. Indeed, the audience for humanism was a great one, the size of the audience subsequently resulted in the creationRead More Dantes Motivation to Write The Divine Comedy Essay3226 Words   |  13 PagesMotivation to Write The Divine Comedy (La Divina Commedia) To truly comprehend Dante’s Divine Comedy, although complete comprehension is not necessary to enjoy this literary masterpiece, there are several skills one might need to acquire. For instance, one helpful piece of knowledge would be the ability to fluently speak Italian, since the many translations differ being able to have read Dante’s actual written words and understand them would make reading the Divine Comedy a bit more personalRead MoreThe Inferno : Depiction And Representation Of Women2519 Words   |  11 Pagesthe context of the poem than what they say alone. Dante lived in an era when women did not occupy influential roles in the public realm, and were actually discouraged from engaging in intellectual or philosophical debate. Women were not allowed to take part in political discourse nor communicate through the medium of poetry. For the exclusion of women from the historical and literary western canon, Dante’s perception of women in The Divine Comedy can be seen as an underlying framework for furtherRead MoreReligious Conflict Of Dante s Inferno1570 Words   |  7 Pagesthe people he knew (Tompsett).† They both agree that Dante is painting a picture of the dredges of society and the torture that they must endure as a result of their inability to turn from sin. They also quote scholar David H. Higgins to say that â€Å"Dante arguably believed he was writing a gospel to convert his recalcitrant age (Tompsett).† Scholar and critic Nicole Rudick confirms this portrayal of dismal hopelessness with her comment, â€Å"Dante created a rigid view of good and evil, showing no mercyRead MoreWhy Is Humanities Important?3163 Words   |  13 PagesThere are many reasons that humanities is taught. Humanities play its largest role in culture, and our understanding of it. There are certain things that it s believed people will be better off for knowing. A lot of great works of literature fall into that category. The big gest ones are especially important because they haven t stopped coming up. These works are continuously referenced. Another reason that humanities is taught is because it helps people express themselves better, and have a broader

Manson Family Member Linda Kasabian

Charles Manson made a poor call when he picked Linda Kasabian to join the group of killers who set out to kill everyone inside the homes of actress Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca. Kasabian was there  but stood in horror as the screams of the victims broke the nights silence. She managed to escape from the Manson family and later turned states evidence during the Tate and LaBianca murder trials. It was her eye-witness testimony that sealed the convictions of those responsible for the brutal murders. The Early Days Linda Kasabian was born on June 21, 1949, in Biddeford, Maine. At age 16, she quit school, left home and headed out west in search for the meaning of life. While on the road, she lived in various hippie communes where she engaged in casual sex and drugs. By the age of 20, she was a two-time divorcee and had given birth to a baby girl. On July 4, 1969, pregnant with her second child, she visited Spahn Ranch and immediately joined Charles Manson and the Manson family. Helter Skelter On August 8, 1969, Kasabian, who had only been with the Manson family for four weeks, was selected by Manson to drive family members Tex Watson, Susan Atkins and Patricia Krenwinkel to 10050 Cielo Drive. The assignment for the night was to murder everyone inside the home. Manson believed that the massacre would kick start an apocalyptic race war that he had predicted and named Helter Skelter. It was the address of actor Sharon Tate and her husband, film director Roman Polanski.  The couple was renting the house and Sharon Tate, who was eight and a half months pregnant, invited Hollywood hairstylist, Jay Sebring,  coffee heiress Abigail Folger, and Polish actor Wojciech Frykowski, to stay as house guests while Polanski was away in London. 10050 Cielo Drive had previously been the home of record producer Terry Melcher, who Manson had tried to get a record contract with, but the deal never materialized. Angry that Melcher was putting him off, Manson when to his home to confront him, but Melcher had moved away and Manson was asked to leave the premises. Angry and rejected, the address became symbolic of all that Manson hated about the establishment. Butchered When the Manson family members arrived at the Tate home, Kasabian watched as the groups first victim, 18-year-old Steven Parent, was shot to death by Tex Watson. Parent had just graduated from high school and was trying to raise money for college. He was hoping to sell his radio to his friend William Garretson, who was the caretaker of the Tate home.  After visiting with Garretson, he  was on his way home and was driving up to the electric gates to leave the Tate home, just as the Manson group arrived. Watson knifed and shot him three times, killing him. Kasabian later  stood watch outside the Tate home and heard screams coming from inside. She watched in shock as some of the victims came running outside the home, soaked in blood and screaming for help, only to be caught and butchered on the front lawn by Tex Watson  and Susan Atkins. Kasabian tried to stop the massacre by telling the group that she heard noises, but her attempts failed and everyone inside the house, including eight-month pregnant Sharon Tate was viciously murdered. After the murders, Kasabian wiped off blood and fingerprints from the weapons used in the murders and dropped them into a ravine. The LaBianca Murders The next night Kasabian was ordered by Manson to go out again and later testified that she was too afraid to tell him no. This time the group included Manson, Watson, Atkins, Krenwinkel. Kasabian, Van Houten and Steve Grogan. The group drove to Leo and Rosemary LaBianca. First Manson and Tex went inside the LaBianca home and tied up the couple. He instructed Watson, Krenwinkel, and Van Houten to go inside and kill the couple. Manson, Kasabian, Atkins and Grogan drove away, and went hunting for another victim.   Manson wanted to find and murder an actor who was also one of Kasabians old boyfriends. She purposely pointed out the wrong apartment and the group, tired of driving around, gave up and returned to the ranch. Kasabian Escapes Spahn Ranch Two days after the LaBianca murders, Kasabian agreeing to run an errand for Manson, used the opportunity to flee from Spahn Ranch. To avoid suspicion she had to leave her daughter Tonya behind. Later  she located her daughter at a foster home where she was placed after the October police raid on Spahn Ranch. Kasabian Turns State Evidence Kasabian went to live with her mother in New Hampshire. A warrant for her arrest was issued on December 2, 1969, for her involvement in the Tate and LaBianca murders. She immediately turned herself over to the authorities and turned states evidence and was given immunity for her testimony. Her testimony was invaluable for the prosecution in the Tate-LaBianca murder trial. Co-defendants Charles Manson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel and Leslie Van Houten were found guilty largely based on Kasabians direct and honest testimony. After the trial, she returned to New Hampshire where she dealt with a lot of public scorn. She eventually changed her name and it has been rumored hat she moved to Washington State. See Also: The Manson Family Photo Album Source:Desert Shadows by Bob MurphyHelter Skelter by Vincent Bugliosi and Curt GentryThe Trial of Charles Manson by Bradley Steffens

Scarlett letter essay Free Essays

Scarlett Letter Essay Free Essays In the novel, The Scarlett Letter, the character that is the most striking morally ambiguous character is Reverend Dimmesdale. He can be identified as neither good nor evil because of many reasons, including his monumental secret of being an adulterist, his random acts of saying sweet nothings to the people of the church, his sermons secretly related to his life spreading a powerful message, and ultimately his confession of committing adultery with Hester. The significance of his moral ambiguity to the novel as a whole can be seen as a theme in the novel, that the ends can justify the means. We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlett Letter Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, the Reverend has had an illegitimate child with one of the women of the town, Hester Prynne, which is presumptuously seen as an act of evil. On top of committing such an action, Reverend Dimmesdale does not identify himself as the father of the child for a greater part of the novel. One might ask oneself, why would a member of the church commit such a sinful action? This is an unexplainable question and even ironic. A person of such holy stature would typically never do such a sinful action, assuming his position in the church. On top of his mortal sin of committing adultery, despite being a leader of the church, he commits a venial sin by hiding his wrongful actions to the entire town, which in my personal opinion is just as bad. In retrospect, Reverend Dimmesdale’s sinful actions could only lead one to assume that he is indeed a person of evil nature. Although Dimmesdale’s actions have been actions of pure evil, his recognition of his wrongdoings has played an important role in his profession of faith through his sermons, which can ultimately be seen as actions of good nature. In the novel, Reverend Dimmesdale expresses to the community, through the power of words, examples of sinners such as himself and their wrongful actions, without telling the townspeople his sins. Despite his sins and his inability to share them, Dimmesdale commits an action that could be seen as pure good by informing the members of the church what not to do. All in all, it appears that the evil in Dimmesdale is being covered up trough the good deeds that has come of them, such as being a teacher to all of the churchgoers. Lastly, the most notable action of Dimmesdale that can be seen as an action of pure good, is his confession of committing adultery with Hester. At the end of the novel, Reverend Dimmesdale admits to the townspeople that he is the father of Hester’s daughter, Pearl, by showing the crowd his branded chest, immediately preceding his death. Although it took the reverend the entire novel to admit to his sins, this shows that he is truly good despite his acts of evil. In conclusion, Reverend Dimmesdale’s actions neither define him as good nor evil, but somewhere in between. He is not an evil person because good came from his evil actions, nor is he good because of his horrid sins. Reverend Dimmesdale’s undefined character ties to a theme in the novel pertaining to the question: Do the ends justify the means? In other words, does the end result make the actions taken to get to such a result okay? In relation to the novel, the ends certainly justify the means; Dimmesdale and Hester’s love for each other led them to commit adultery which ultimately enabled them to express their fierce love for one another. Furthermore, the ends: expressing their love justifies the means: committing adultery because these actions were the only way that they could be happy together, which is the most important factor. How to cite Scarlett Letter Essay, Essay examples

Science of Stars Free Essays

Stars are well recognized astronomical objects in our solar system and represent building blocks of galaxies. The history and dynamics of a star in a galaxy depends on its age, distribution, and composition. The stars are responsible for elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. We will write a custom essay sample on Science of Stars or any similar topic only for you Order Now A star’s life begins very small, like many more things in the universe. They begin as, apart from anything else, particles in clouds of dust and gas. They remain cold for ages. The disturbance of a comet or other object that moves through the cloud will then make particles collide and clumps will begin to form. Over the course of a million years, clumps will grow into what we call â€Å"protostar† and draw in more gases and grow even hotter. This is how stars are formed and is a point in a star’s life. Astronomers determine composition, color, and temperature of stars and other distant objects with an essential tool called a spectroscopy. Astronomers have used this tool since the 1800’s to analyze emitted light spectra. When a star gives off light and the light splits by prism, the spectral pattern reflects a star’s composition. All stars are 95% hydrogen, so the variations in composition reveal its age, luminosity, and origin. Composition of gases can be determined by observing the light of a star. Astronomers can determine the temperature of a star from its color and its spectrum. All stars have different colors. They have different colors due to its light radiation. There are a few different ways astronomers can determine a star’s temperature. One way is to measure a star’s color. They use three filters that transmit light in three different wavelength ranges. Astronomers then take the intensity ratio of the light. Another way to determine the temperature of a star is to examine the spectral lines in the starlight. Science of Stars3 Astronomers also use a tool called the electromagnetic spectrum to determine the composition, temperature, speed, and rotation rate of stars and other distant objects. Rotation rates are measured by using telescopes or space probes. Astronomers pick a particular feature on an object and then determine how long the feature takes to move from one side to the other side. For an example, the Sun has a rotation rate of about 25 days. One planet in our solar system that is difficult for astronomers to observe rotation rate is Earth. That is because we live on Earth and rotate with it. As stars progress through their lives they move around in the H-R diagram since their properties change over a period of time. In the H-R diagram it plots luminosity, spectral type, and also temperature. If a star is plotted higher up on the diagram on the vertical plane, this means that the stars are brighter. If a star is plotted in the horizontal plane to the left, this means that these stars are the hottest. Stars spend most of their lifetime in what is known as the main sequence in the H-R diagram. In this phase of a star’s life, they burn hydrogen into helium. Also at this point, the star’s size and luminosity remain constant because their forces have reached a near-equilibrium. Stars will remain in the main sequence until they reach a certain mass. Stars that are called supergiants in the H-R diagram and lie along the top right are luminous and cool. The stars that are called white dwarfs and are plotted at the bottom left of the diagram are fainter, hotter stars. The red giant stars are the stars of great luminosity and size. They form a thick horizontal band that joins the main sequence. All the stars on the H-R diagram are plotted by their color horizontally and their luminosity vertically. All the colors are coded from O (blue), B (blue), A (blue-white), F (white), G (yellow), K (orange), and M (red). Science of Stars4 In the center of our solar system lies a star called â€Å"the Sun†. Its color is white, but appears to us on Earth as yellow and is considered a main sequence star. The life cycle of the Sun, just like any other star starts with a cloud of gas and dust composed mainly of hydrogen collapses under gravitational forces. It was formed about 4. 5 billion years ago determined by scientists using the Sun’s current main sequence age. Right now, the Sun is believed to be about halfway through its main sequence evolution. The Sun should spend about 10 billion years as a main sequence star. It will enter the red giant stage in about 5 billion years. By the time it reaches to be a giant star stage, the Sun will have lost about 30% of its mass due to a stellar wind. The orbits of the planets will move outward then. Eventually our Earth will be swallowed by the Sun. The Sun living in the main sequence is gradually becoming more luminous and its temperature is slowly rising. After the red giant stage, the Sun’s outer layers will be thrown off. It will cool and fade into the white dwarf stage. As of right now, the Sun’s life cycle is the main sequence stage. It is considered middle aged at 4. 5 billion years old. The Sun is currently fusing hydrogen in its core and has been for the last 5,000 million years, and it is expected to continue fusing hydrogen for at least another 4,000 million years. The main sequence stage is the longest and most stable phase of its existence and this stage lasts about 10 billion years for a star. The main sequence is also the first stage of a star after becoming a star, right after the protostar stage. The following stage after the main sequence stage would be the red giant stage. I have now discussed in this paper how astronomers determine composition, temperature, speed, and rotation rate of distant objects. I explained the properties of the stars in the H-R Science of Stars5 diagram, summarized the life cycle of the Sun, and also stated where the Sun is currently in its life cycle. How to cite Science of Stars, Papers

Law E-commerce UK Consumer Rights Act 2015

Question: Discuss about the Law E-commerce UK for Consumer Rights Act 2015? Answer: Introduction The Consumer Rights Act brought into practice from the recent year 2015 which is meant for simplification, modernization and strengthening of the law in UK. Thus, provide more effective coverage of the rights of consumers during the process of buying. This new act has replaced the old sale of goods act and introduced a number of clarifications in the process. This paper deals with the evaluation of the case of Nadim basing on his experience from an e-commerce transaction, to identify the rights using the implied terms provided in the Consumer Rights Act 2015. The Issue or Problem Area This is apparent from the case study that Nadim, was willing to take the pictures of the start at night and therefore, the consumer needed tow lenses for his digital Canon camera 5D mk ii. He was willing to buy two second hand lenses from the given links provided by the camera website. The description it was found that the lenses were of 1970s and the first lens is a Pentax Super Takumar SMC 50mm F1.4, whilst the second lens is a Canon 58mm F1.2 FD. Further the consumer also required the adapters for the fixing the old lenses in his camera and the seller assured that he would get cheap adapters for both lenses. Therefore, Nadim went ahead and purchased both the lenses. However, the problem arises when it was found by the consumer that the products or goods were not of satisfactory quality. The lenses were radioactive and slightly yellow which would affect the quality of the picture as the same would cause loss of light. Further, the adapters that the person required were also not fitting for the purpose. The second lens was old fitting type and the same cannot be used by the consumer and the adapter of the second lens was just not appropriate to take pictures at night. Moreover, the qualities of the adapters were poor enough to degrade the quality of the picture. Therefore, this is apparent that the main purpose of buying the lenses was to take pictures at night and the adapters were required for fixing the lenses in his camera. However, the goods were not of the satisfactory quality and were not serving the purpose of the consumers. Moreover, it was also discovered by the consumer after the purchase that the lenses were slightly radioactive and this was another matter of concern of the consumer. Nevertheless, on demanding for the refund the seller refused it on the grounds that, the level of radiation from the lenses would not be harmful and the adapters that he provided to the consumers were the best fitted adapters that he could arrange for the old lenses. The Relevant Law for the Issue Therefore, from the above mentioned problem of Nadim, that resulted from the purchase of goods through e-commerce there are few terms which are implied from the Consumer Rights Act 2015. There are some of the statutory rights of goods contract which are the goods to be of satisfactory quality and goods to be fit for the particular purpose, implied terms applicable for the considered case[1]. Further this is implied contract in supply of goods that the quality of the goods would be satisfactory, as per the Consumer Rights Act under the term of goods to be of satisfactory quality[2]. The goods are termed to be satisfactory on meeting the standard of quality from the perspective of a reasonable person. The quality of goods considers, the fitness of the purpose, look, goods should be devoid of minor defect and safety of the products along with durability is must[3]. In case of anything unsatisfactory about the goods the same should be brought into the notice of the buyer prior to the con tract is made. The three primary factors embodied under product quality requirements marked by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 are; the satisfactory quality, fit for the purpose and as described. The rules mentioned in the new Act are applicable for all types of products and irrespective of the mode of sale whether e-commerce or from physical shop. Further, in case of any disputes and violation of the consumer right there are certain remedies which are introduced in the Consumer Rights Act [4]. The bases set for refunding along with the period as the remedy for the breach of any contract in the supply of goods. Application of the Law For the considered case of Nadim the specified law of goods to be of satisfactory quality under section 9(2), is applicable. As, the claimant Nadim was not able to use the second Canon lens and further the adapters were too poor for providing quality picture sold by the seller, therefore, the good were not at all satisfactory. This is true that Nadim bought second hand lenses as he demand for used lenses but, this does not permit the seller to Nadim with poor quality lenses which are slightly yellow and radioactive. Questioning right to safety of the consumer also the second lens is not at all suitable for taking pictures at night[5]. However, it was mentioned by the claimant that he was looking for fast lenses for taking picture of the starts at night. The above case can also be related with the case law, Stevenson v Rogers (1999), where the claimant bought a boat from the fisherman for the consideration of $ 14[6]. However, the claimant was not satisfied with the boat due to its poor quality and was not serving the purpose for which the boat was purchased[7]. Therefore, the claimant filed a case against the fisherman on the ground of breach of the amount paid for the poor quality boat, under the sale of goods sold act[8]. The defendant tried to defend himself but, the fisherman was held liable by the court that the sale was considered to be a business transaction[9]. Therefore, it was the duty of the seller to make sure of the quality of the boat before selling. Similarly, in case of Nadim also the lenses and the adapter sold by the seller were of poor quality and not meeting the need of the buyer. Moreover, the law term fitness for purpose under section 10 (1) is also applicable in case of Nadim as, it was mentioned by the claimant to the seller that he wanted fast lenses for taking the shots of the stars through a mail. However, the second lens was not only suitable for taking photos at night but also not fitting in the camera, and the both the lenses were yellowish would reduce the light of the picture. Despite, the purpose of buyer was clear to the seller the person sold such poor quality lenses and one of them was not serving the purpose at all[10]. This case can be related to the recent case took place in UK, BSS Group Plc v Makers (UK) Ltd (t/a Allied Services) 2011, where the seller BSS Group Plc sold adaptor and valve to Makers (UK) Ltd for assisting in a plumbing project of renovation[11]. The problem occurred when it was found that the items bought were not suitable for the purpose, rather the valve blew casing flood on the house ground. While, placing the order the purpose was mentioned and for the specific purpose the seller was supposed to provide a particular type of valve and adaptor but, the seller failed to do so. Thus, BSS was found guilty under section 14 (3) of sale of goods act in the eye of law. Another case, Bernstein v Pamson Motors 1986, the merchantable quality of the goods was the main consideration of the specified case under sale of goods act. This case can be associated with the revised consideration in Consumer Rights Act 2015, goods to be of satisfactory quality under section 9 (1) and (3) to a certain extent. In the case the claimant purchased a car from the car manufacturer however, after a short period of use the car broke down while driving and the defendant accepted the fault and repaired the car as new one without any charges as the products sold by the seller was faulty[12]. Therefore, in case of Nadim also the adapters were not of poor quality, the lenses were radioactive might prove to be harmful for the claimant and the second lens was applicable for taking pictures at night. Conclusion From evaluation of Nadims case enclosure to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 this is clear that the claimant has the right to file case against the seller under section 9 (1) and (3) and also section 10 (1). Further, from the analysis of certain other cases under sale of goods act this is clear that Nadim have the right to ask for the refund from the defendant as, the lenses and adapters were not satisfactory; not serving the purpose properly further, and safety factor is also questioned as the lenses were found to be radioactive. Nadim can claim for refund under, 30 day right to reject specified by Consumer Right Act 2015. References: [1] Gov.uk,. 2015,Consumer Rights Act 2015 - GOV.UK. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/consumer-rights-act-2015/consumer-rights-act-2015 [2] Legislation.gov.uk,. 2016,Consumer Rights Act 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15/part/1/enacted [3] Which.co.uk,. 2016,Consumer Rights Act 2015 - Which?. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.which.co.uk/consumer-rights/regulation/consumer-rights-act [4] BBC News,. 2016,Your new consumer rights explained - BBC News. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34410782 [5] Burrows, A. 2013,English Private Law. Oxford University Press. [6] Webstroke.co.uk,. 2016,Stevenson v Rogers [1999] | Case Summary | Webstroke Law. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://webstroke.co.uk/law/cases/stevenson-v-rogers-1999 [7] E-lawresources.co.uk,. 2016,Stevenson v Rogers. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Stevenson-v-Rogers.php [8] Whincup, M. 2006,Contract Law and Practice: The English System with Scottish, Commonwealth, and Continental Comparisons. Kluwer Law International. [9] Del Valle, S. 2003,Language rights and the law in the United States. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. [10] DiMatteo, L., Zhou, Q., Saintier, S., Rowley, K. 2013,Commercial Contract Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [11] Lexisweb.co.uk,. 2016,Makers (UK) Ltd (trading as Allied Services) v BSS Group Plc | LexisWeb. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://lexisweb.co.uk/cases/2011/july/makers-uk-ltd-trading-as-allied-services-v-bss-group-plc [12] Ho, H. 1997, Some Reflections on Property and Title in the Sale of Goods Act.Cam. Law. J.,vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 571.

The poem Grass by Carl Sa... free essay sample

The poem Grass by Carl Sandburg is a timeless writing that advances its theme through setting, repetition, and personification. According to the class text, theme is the central message or idea that the poet hopes the reader will take away from the poem (). One of the main themes in Grass is the aftermath of warfare. Sandburg chooses to focus on the death and destruction that results from war instead of the valor or heroism in supporting ones county. He uses lines such as, Pile the bodies high at Austerlitz and Waterloo, to paint this picture (). A second theme touched upon is the one of memory and the past. The grass is used to cover the once red battlefields with a bright layer of green; effectively erasing the lands own scars. This points to the theme that nature will not remember what happened during wartime, therefore, it is up to humanity to remember their own fallen soldiers. We will write a custom essay sample on The poem Grass by Carl Sa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The final theme in Sandburgs Grass is the longstanding tug-o-war competition between man and the natural world. Man will change the landscape in war but nature will wipe it all away in time. Setting is a fundamental element that provides context for the action of a story (). In Sandburgs Grass, the author uses the names of some of historys more famous battles to convey the theme. Austerlitz, Waterloo, Gettysburg, Ypres, and Verdun were all battles of great carnage and life loss. Sandburg mentions these bloody battles and follows with the line, I am the grass; I cover all. () The line paints a picture of dead bodies, guns, horses, and the injured all mangled together across a battlefield and then the green grass beginning to grow between the cracks to cover and erase. The setting can also solicit an emotional response for the audience which the readers are reminded of when reading about the horrors the green landscape hinds.Repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases multiple times for emphasis to make an idea more memorable or clear. In Grass, Sandburg enjoys repeating the lines, I am the grass and Let me work for highlight and weight. The poem is written in free verse but is given structure through the repeated pile and shovel phrases along with Sandburgs careful placement of each line (newyork). By repeating these lines Sandburg creates a sense that the grasss work is never done. This plays into the wartime theme in that history is doomed to repeat its battlefield horrors. This poem draws attention to the reality of war and in a sense questions if humanity will do anything to fix the cycle. Another point to notice is that this poem is without rhyme. According to the class text, Rhyme is simply when two words have the same end sound and end rhyme, which is a common in a significant amount of modern poetry but not this piece (). Rhyme gives balance and a sense of completion which isnt the intended effect Sandburg was looking for with this piece of literature. The main line, I am the grass, let me work, is written in a present tense indicating that Sandburg wanted to show the grasss work as incomplete and ongoing (NY). It points the readers once more in the direction of the themes. Sandburg wanted his audience to analyze historys reoccurring cycle of war and the struggle between man and nature. Furthermore, he presses his audience to look deep within oneself and reflect upon the images of wartime aftermath.In the class textbook, personification is defined as when a writer gives a non-human the qualities of a real person (). In Sandburgs poem Grass, the grass is used as the speaker stating phrases such as, Shovel them under and let me work. This shows that Sandburg as given the grass human qualities saying that it has a drive to work. This is personification because the grass is not human and it does not experience motivation, emotions, or a will to work. However, taking up the perspective of the grass in a war setting is a peculiar one. Since grass does not feel or process thought, it doesnt understand the scene of bodies before it that it works to cover. This tosses the responsibility into the hands of humankind. Grass cannot stop war and destruction, it will only work to erase it with the earth that grows up over it. Sandburg points the readers in the direction of the theme again with this point. He acknowledges that only people will be able to remember their death and only people will be able to step in to stop the cycle of slaughter().Through setting, repetition, and personification Carl Sandburg expresses several relevant themes that uphold throughout the centuries in his poem Grass. In the final phrases he engages and turns the attention into the readers, Two years, ten years, and passengers ask the conductor:What place is this? Where are we now?(). Sandburg is showing the readers that they are all the passengers on that train. The scenes of massacre Sandburg alludes to are the very images he wants his readers to reflect upon. This circles back to the main themes of wartime aftermath, memory of the past, and the struggle between man and nature. Sandburg wants to pull the readers into the poem, to get them to acknowledges its themes as a very real reality. In this notion, Sandburg ultimately leaves a door of controversial discussions open.