Legal Basis of Implementation of K to 12 Essay

Legitimate BASIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF K TO 12 1. THE WHY OF OUR BEING HERE TODAY †¦. 2. * THE ENABLED FILIPINO * THE LEGAL BASIS 1987 Constitution †Article XIV, Section 1 †Article XIV, Section 2.1 R.A. 7160 (Local Gov’t Code ) * THE K+12 BASIC EDUCATION REFORM * THE SYNTHESIS 3. The empowered/enabled esteem driven, visionary Filipino is the best fortune of this country, a dream shared by each portion of our general public, a dream accomplished through quality instruction. 4. Article XIV, Section 1. †The State will ensure and advance the privilege of all residents to quality training at all levels and will find a way to make such instruction available to all. Article XIV, Section 2 (1). †The State will set up, keep up and bolster a total, satisfactory and incorporated arrangement of training applicable to the necessities of the individuals and the general public. 5. WHERE ARE WE AT NOW? Inadequate dominance of fundamental capabilities because of clogged educational plan High school graduates (< 18 years) need essential abilities and development 6. Locally, just 6 of each 1,000 Grade 6 basic understudies are set up to enter secondary school. Just 2 of each 100 4 th year secondary school graduates are fit for school. 7. Globally, Filipino young people rank 41st in Science and 42 and in Math among 45 nations. 8. A great many Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) particularly the experts and the individuals who expect to concentrate abroad are off guard. Our alumni are not consequently perceived as experts abroad. The Washington Accord and the Bologna Accord endorse 12 yrs of essential instruction for college confirmation. 9. The Philippines is the main residual nation in Asia with a 10-year pre-college program Source: Adapted from SEAMEO-INNOTECH Table 3 Comparative Data on the Pre-University Education in Asia Country Basic Education Cycle Total Brunei 12 Cambodia 12 Indonesia 12 Lao PDR 12 Malaysia 12 Myanmar 11 Philippines 10 Singapore 11 Thailand 12 Timor-Leste 12 Vietnam 12 Mongolia as of late added evaluations to make essential instruction 12 years. 10. Why Add Two Years? Decongest and upgrade the essential training educational plan Better quality instruction for all 11. â€Å"We need to add two years to our fundamental instruction. The individuals who can bear the cost of pay as long as fourteen years of tutoring before college. Along these lines, their youngsters are getting into the best colleges and the best occupations after graduation. I need at any rate 12 years for our state funded younger students to give them an even possibility at succeeding.† †President Benigno S. Aquino III 12. K+12 isn't new. The proposition to extend the essential instruction goes back to 1925. 13. WHAT IS K+12? K+12 mean Kindergarten and the 12 years of rudimentary and auxiliary instruction. Kindergarten alludes to the 5-year old associate that takes a normalized kinder educational plan. 14. K+12 Education Vision Graduates of Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program will: Acquire authority of fundamental capabilities. Be all the more genuinely develop. Be socially mindful, professional dynamic, engaged with open and urban undertakings. Be enough arranged for the universe of work or business or advanced education. Be legitimately employable with potential for better income. Be all inclusive serious. 15. Studies in the Philippines have demonstrated that an extra year of tutoring builds singular profit by 7.5%. 16. What Will the Society Gain from K+12? K+12 will encourage anâ accelerated financial development. K+12 will encourage common acknowledgment of Filipino alumni and experts in different nations. A superior taught society gives a sound establishment to long haul financial turn of events. 17. What Will the LGUs Benefit from K+12? Each CHILD A PRIDE OF THE LOCALITY Increase work locally and universally Increase business endeavors More business people and financial specialists Improved family pay Improved LGU pay 18. Studies approve that enhancements in the nature of instruction will expand GDP development by 2% to 2.2%. 19. How Do We Add the Two Years? Proposed Model: K-6-4-2 Model Senior High School Grades 11 to 12 (16-17 years of age) Junior High School Grades 7 to 10 (12-15 years of age) Elementary School Grades 1 to (6-11 years of age) Kindergarten (5 years of age) 20. What is Senior High School? 2 years to merge scholastic aptitudes and capabilities and permit inside and out specialization for understudies relying upon the occupation/profession track they wish to seek after Skills and abilities pertinent to the activity showcase 21. Usage Plan (proposed) 22. Rundown Change is two-overlap: educational plan improvement and progress the executives. K+12 is a less exorbitant option in contrast to the current arrangement of instruction. We have 5 years to address deficiencies before execution. 23. * 1987 Constitution Art. XIV, Sec. 1 Art. XIV, Sec.2.1 * R.A. 7160 THE ENABLED FILIPINO: VISION and VALUE DRIVEN * Highly able; Highly talented; Emotionally develop; Highly profitable K+12 ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION (K+ 6 + 4 +2) Local Government Units Other Government Agencies THE ENABLED FILIPINO 24. Consequently, this is the ideal time for the K+12 Enhanced Basic Education Reform. It can't stand by any more. 25. WE COUNT ON YOU!!! Make K+12 your LEGACY!!! 26. Group 4A Dr. Carmelita T. Dulangon Dr. Caredad Labe Dr. Mama. Milagros Velez Dr. Rosalie Pasaol Mr. Bianito Dagatan 27. Much thanks to YOU!!!

Biodiversity Outline Free Essays

I. Presentation a. In the course of recent decades, solid logical proof has developed indicating that loss of the world’s organic assorted variety diminishes the profitability and manageability of regular environments and diminishes their capacity to furnish society with products and ventures like food, wood, feed, fruitful soils, and assurance from irritations and infection. We will compose a custom article test on Biodiversity Outline or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now II. Body a. [Amphibians] No gathering of creatures has a higher pace of danger than creatures of land and water. Researchers gauge that a third or a greater amount of all the about 6,300 known types of creatures of land and water are in danger of termination I. The current land and water proficient termination rate may run from 25,039 to multiple times the foundation annihilation rate ii. Frogs, amphibians, and lizards are vanishing a direct result of territory misfortune, water and air contamination, environmental change and sickness. iii. Due to their affectability to ecological changes, disappearing creatures of land and water ought to be seen as the canary in the worldwide coal mineshaft, flagging unobtrusive yet extreme environment changes that could at last case numerous different species, including people. b. [Birds] Birds happen in about each territory on the planet and are frequently the most noticeable and natural untamed life to individuals over the globe. In that capacity, they give a significant bellwether to following changes to the biosphere. Declining feathered creature populaces across most to all territories affirm that significant changes are happening on our planet because of human exercises. I. A 2009 report on the condition of feathered creatures in the United States found that 251 (31 percent) of the 800 species in the nation are of protection concern. ii. All inclusive, BirdLife International gauges that 12 percent of known 9,865 winged creature species are presently viewed as undermined, with 192 species, or 2 percent, confronting a â€Å"extremely high risk† of eradication in the wild †two a larger number of animal varieties than in 2008. ii. Natural surroundings misfortune and corruption have caused the vast majority of the winged animal decays, yet the effects of obtrusive species and catch by authorities assume a major job, as well. c. [Fish]Increasing interest for water, the damming of waterways all throu gh the world, the dumping and gathering of different contaminations, and obtrusive species make amphibian biological systems probably the most undermined on earth; in this way, it’s not astonishing that there are many fish species that are jeopardized in both freshwater and marine natural surroundings. I. The American Fisheries Society distinguished 700 types of freshwater or anadromous fish in North America as being endangered, adding up to 39 percent of all such fish on the mainland ii. In North American marine waters, at any rate 82 fish species are endangered. Over the globe, 1,851 types of fish †21 percent of all fish species assessed †were regarded in danger of termination by the IUCN in 2010, including in excess of 33% of sharks and beams. d. [Invertebrates (profundity into coral reefs)] Invertebrates, from butterflies to mollusks to night crawlers to corals, are tremendously differing †and however nobody knows exactly what number of invertebrate species exist, they’re assessed to represent around 97 percent of the absolute types of creatures on Earth. Of the 1. 3 million known invertebrate species, the IUCN has assessed around 9,526 species, with around 30 percent of the species assessed in danger of annihilation. I. Freshwater spineless creatures are seriously undermined by water contamination, groundwater withdrawal, and water ventures, while countless spineless creatures of remarkable logical noteworthiness have gotten either imperiled or terminated because of deforestation, particularly due to the quick pulverization of tropical rainforests. ii. In the sea, reef-building corals are declining at a disturbing rate: 2008’s first-since forever thorough worldwide evaluation of these creatures uncovered that 33% of reef-building corals are compromised. III. Decision a. While much worry over annihilation centers around all inclusive lost species, the majority of biodiversity’s benefits happen at a nearby level, and monitoring neighborhood populaces is the best way to guarantee hereditary decent variety basic for a species’ long haul endurance. Not all things are clear with regards to biodiversity misfortune, yet what unmistakably a huge number of animal types are in danger of vanishing everlastingly in the coming decades. Step by step instructions to refer to Biodiversity Outline, Essay models

Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Position Paper - Essay Example FedEx is right now among the top messenger specialist co-ops of the world and is developing as far as income age, piece of the overall industry and infiltration in new markets. Anyway there are potential odds of easing back the achievement way of FedEx. As FedEx is an excess of ward upon US showcase so consequently odds of hindering is conceivable in addition the present circumstance of the world is each other motivation to include this respect. Also alongside these issues the organization has particularly scope as far as producing more salary by growing and arriving at new markets. One potential open door is in the Asian market. As right now numerous Asian nations are developing. So they depend a lot on imports and fares in this manner FedEx has an incredible open door in coming to and catching those business sectors by utilizing experience and brand name. Another significant improvement as far as income age is web based shopping. In the event that FedEx is probably going to hold its development internet shopping ought to be managed articulate consideration. New plans ought to be figured, procedures ought to be concocted as web based shopping is probably going to change shopping patterns in the majority of the creating nations. Various plans ought to be propelled with the goal that masses can be pulled in. Besides the job of contenders new and old will consistently be a danger for FedEx. As a rule new organizations have nothing to lose so they ordinarily bring down their cost so as to pick up piece of the overall industry. In this way FedEx should attempt to offer contending costs so as to clear out these organizations from testing FedEx. This should be possible effortlessly as FedEx has enough income to hold advertise and to bring down costs also. The fate of FedEx is part among circumstances and dangers. In this manner the job of the board will be vital in light of the fact that legitimate arranging can give FedEx billions and one wrong advance can lead them towards calamitous

Comparison of Financial and Managerial Accounting

Budgetary bookkeeping alludes to bookkeeping and oversight of the organizations have finished an extensive arrangement of battle reserves, that the outside monetary stakes of speculators, leasers and the administration divisions concerned and undertakings to give monetary data of the money related position and productivity as the principle target do financial activities.Financial Accounting is a significant establishment work of present day endeavors, through a progression of bookkeeping techniques, gave valuable data to dynamic, and effectively take an interest in the executives choices, improve the monetary effectiveness of ventures, administration in the sound and efficient advancement of the market economy. The board bookkeeping, otherwise called â€Å"internal report accounting†, it implies: to present and future crusade assets, to upgrade monetary effectiveness with the end goal of interior chiefs give the logical premise to the board dynamic as the objective of monetary administration activities.Popular money related bookkeeping is the complete organization bookkeeping forms, cost bookkeeping is the piece of the board bookkeeping is a budgetary bookkeeping estimation dependent on future projections of the organization. In monetary administration, bookkeeping work is a significant piece of one is firmly connected to the powerful activity of financial and bookkeeping work. Examination of the executives bookkeeping and budgetary representing the investigation of bookkeeping work top to bottom research and analysis.Overview of the board bookkeeping and monetary bookkeeping Management Accounting Management Accounting alludes to the states of market economy, to fortify administration inside the association, compose the best an incentive for cash as a definitive objective, to sort out business exercises and estimation of execution as an article through the money related perspectives data on profound preparing and re-use, so as to accomplish the bookkeepi ng part of the procedure of financial determining, dynamic, arranging and control functions.Financial Accounting Financial Accounting alludes to the cash as the essential unit of estimation of the exchanges or occasions that have occurred in the association the utilization of particular acknowledgment and estimation simultaneously as the primary type of money related bookkeeping reports consistently to the association of various monetary partners give outer bookkeeping data accounting.Second, the correlation of the board bookkeeping and money related bookkeeping To a superior comprehension of the board bookkeeping and money related bookkeeping, the connections and contrasts between the executives bookkeeping and monetary bookkeeping are talked about beneath: A. Contact the executives bookkeeping and money related bookkeeping Financial bookkeeping and the board bookkeeping on the practical destinations and information sources are equivalent to the two essential substance of the cutti ng edge accounting.Both from a similar mother, reciprocal, resolute. Budgetary bookkeeping, fixed bookkeeping techniques and strategies, creation and business exercises inside a specific timeframe and the outcomes framed by the enlistment books, and other data. This data not exclusively can be applied to the outside, can likewise be applied internally.Management bookkeeping by the monetary bookkeeping data preparing, making it the administration bookkeeping data, in order to improve the inward administration administrations, simultaneously give the vital conditions to the bookkeeping management. The board bookkeeping and monetary bookkeeping elements of the objective primarily through the arrangement of data for undertakings and different associations to give a full scope of counseling administrations, so as to successfully improve the board, advance savvy overhaul. the distinction between the board bookkeeping and budgetary bookkeeping From the point of view of the administration o bject, the association's interior administration bookkeeping administrations to the undertaking the executives prerequisites is met in the day by day the executives of the specific conditions, to gather the information to the supervisors of the association's inside administration and control data to improve the administration level of ventures and different associations, and in this way the administration bookkeeping can be called inner accounting.Financial bookkeeping is the center summed up by the occasional planning of fiscal summaries of endeavors and associations, for example, resource valuation, capital structure and working outcomes are depicted, so as to give the important data to the outer unit or individual undertakings and different associations, and along these lines can be said outside bookkeeping. From the point of view of the work concentrated on the object of investigation of the executives bookkeeping and the issues to be tended to is the structure of various parts of things to come association of creation and the board, monetary action ought to happen Paper Union www. wlm. com completing anticipated assessment, the executives bookkeeping data as per the improvement of the board programs for the administration of the association. Money related bookkeeping is reflected in the monetary exercises of endeavors and different associations, its center is the verifiable depiction of all the financial exercises of undertakings and different associations, which implies that after the event of the activity and the executives exercises, credited to the bookkeeping records.From the point of view of the primary collection of work, the executives bookkeeping group of work is a staggered, ventures and different associations not just as a head, you can likewise undertakings and different associations inside the neighborhood or individual offices as an assortment of work, even a work the board interfaces the fundamental everyday monetary exercises as an assembl age of work, control, assessment and assessment.Financial bookkeeping assortment of work is generally the situation there is just one level, the degree of endeavors and different associations as a brought together entire to mirror the main principle resource valuation and budgetary status, thus focused reflection and plot, and doesn't include explicit nearby issues. What's more, additionally imperative component of the administration bookkeeping and money related bookkeeping, bookkeeping strategies, bookkeeping methods, the idea of direction, the level of accuracy, time length, just as data on qualities of distinction.Third, the executives bookkeeping and budgetary bookkeeping applications Analysis can be drawn from the Management Accounting and Financial Management differentiate, a significant piece of the executives bookkeeping and monetary bookkeeping are the general bookkeeping framework. The board Accounting in the substance ordinarily by the driver of money related and bookkee ping needs, as such, the relationship and contrast between the executives bookkeeping and monetary bookkeeping to decide the administration bookkeeping and budgetary bookkeeping in the application procedure should keep on enhancing the correspondence and coordination between the two .Communication and coordination of the executives bookkeeping and budgetary bookkeeping to meet the undertakings and different associations need to improve the board adequacy, to meet the data needs of various endeavors and associations, for example, outer clients of data to dodge pointless waste. For instance, in he day by day bookkeeping of the money related bookkeeping, using variable costing helpful combination of the executives bookkeeping and monetary bookkeeping simple to oversee, build up and improve the affirmation of the budgetary bookkeeping premise and estimation mode, to decrease the administration bookkeeping remaining burden, work with coordination and correspondence of monetary bookkeepin g. To put it plainly, the executives bookkeeping and monetary bookkeeping, while under the various regions of bookkeeping, yet both have a particular connection between them in the application procedure, the certainty and need of coordination and communication.In short, is basically the contrast between the board bookkeeping and money related bookkeeping. Explicit applications ought to be worried about the distinction between the two simultaneously worried about the connection between the two, continually improve in reasonable work, regardless of whether it is from both hypothesis and reality has a solid job to advance the upgrade of the association and the board effectiveness. Budgetary Accounting:Accounting work force in cash as the fundamental unit of estimation, acknowledgment, estimation, recording, detailing, principally for endeavors to outer partners, at various times money related position, aftereffects of tasks and changes in monetary position ‘, and thorough interce de in the interior of the business, a financial administration exercises. The board Accounting: Focuses on the inside activity and the executives administrations. It utilizes an adaptable and different available resources to appropriately streamline the board choices, and give valuable data to the administration of the enterprise.The contrast between brief administration bookkeeping and budgetary bookkeeping Focus Financial Accounting: the emphasis is on the planning of the fiscal summaries all the time as indicated by the day by day business records, enlistment books, to organizations outside the monetary intrigue gatherings, people report the money related position and working outcomes, the particular targets for big business outside administrations monetary bookkeeping can be called â€Å"external accounting†.Management Accounting: the attention is on examination of explicit issues of business the board, so as to give the data expected to foresee dynamic and control evalua tion data to inside administrators at all levels, the particular goals for inner administration administrations, the executives bookkeeping can be alluded to as â€Å"internal accounting†. Second, the various degrees of the primary assortment of workFinancial Accounting: The group of work frequently have just one level, basically over the endeavor for the collection of w

6 Lame College Essay Excuses You Need to Stop Using

6 Lame College Essay Excuses You Need to Stop Using 6 Lame Excuses You’re Using to Postpone Starting Your College Essay 6 Lame Excuses You’re Using to Postpone Starting Your College Essay The summer is winding down, which means you’re going to be heading back to school in just a few  weeks! If you’re looking at this, chances are you still haven’t started your college essay. What’s your excuse? Yes, we know, it’s hard. But, the closer it gets to the deadline, the harder it’s going to be to write an essay that highlights your personality and individuality in 500-650 perfectly sculpted words, sentences, and phrases. If you’re making one of the excuses on this list, then stop immediately and get to writing! 1.  Its my break still. And yet what better time to start a daunting task? When you get back to school, you’re going to have work piling up and the stresses of after school activities and sports. Use the free time granted to you by summer vacation to at least begin the writing process. Finding the perfect topic and sculpting a winning college admissions essay is going to take some time and effort. No better time than the present to start! 2. Theyre not due until November. Truehowever, you know as well as we do that once school starts and homework starts to pile up, November is going to feel like it’s just around the corner. Plus wouldn’t you rather have your essay out of the way well in advance? Starting now will give you time to really think through your strategy, revise multiple drafts and get opinions from the trusted editors and proofreaders in your life.. Perhaps even more convincing is the fact that some colleges you are applying to may have rolling admissions, so the earlier you hit submit, the earlier your acceptances will roll in! 3. Colleges dont even care about the essay. Yes, your GPA and Standardized test scores do matter to admissions officers. However, the essay can be an even more convincing measure of the value you will bring to a school’s campus.Admissions officers want to get a taste of your true voice and personality. Are you a good fit for the environment? Are you someone an admissions officer would really want to meet? A killer essay can be the tipping point that convinces an admissions officer to place you in the yes pile. 4. Im still looking for the perfect topic. Trust us. You have all the experience you need to start writing your essay now. Take some time to sit down and brainstorm potential topics. Raid your journal. Call your grandmother.  Make a list of things you love and the things you hate. Write every single idea down because you never know when you’re going to hit gold. The perfect topic is there for the plucking, so search hard and then take a chance and DECIDE. Free write about your chosen subject. Let the words flow, even if you don’t like what you’re writing while you’re writing it. You can always move forward with another topic if your first choice turns out not to be the right one. It’s all part of the process. 5. I need to meet with my English teacher first. You mean to say you plan on going to your English teacher without so much as a sentence of your essay written? That doesn’t seem like the best idea, now does it? Your teacher cannot assess what is not on the page. Even if you don’t have an award-winning novel drafted by the time school starts, get something and anything written down. Exercise those creative muscles so your teachers and anyone else that might advise you can give you recommendations based on fleshed out ideas, not untested plans for the future. 6. Its too beautiful outside to write. Believe it or not, pens, paper and even your computer work outside too! Grab a notebook or your laptop and pull up a lounge chair. Find a nice shady spot and jot down whatever pops into your mind. Maybe the beautiful day will spark an idea for an awesome essay. Maybe you’ll only write down a couple topic ideas or a few sentences of the first paragraph, but that’s totally okay! Once you do this a few times, you may see that progress is starting to be made. And in the end, when you’re done and relaxing and writing and your friends are scrambling to finish their essays, you’ll thank us. About Rebecca SemenetzView all posts by Rebecca Semenetz » Need help getting started? Give College Essay Academy a Try. WATCH CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

Another FAPtatsic Start

Another FAPtatsic Start We started our ju n i  o    r wait wait wait there must be some mistake here someone pls correct us in the comments we arent juniors? right?! RIGHT?! Well, while thats sorted out, what we can say for certain is that we started this fall semester  again  as counselors for a  week-long, arts-focused, pre-orientation program for incoming freshman! Its appropriately called  Freshman Arts Program and inappropriately abbreviated FAP. Yep that is the acronym. But us counselors embrace it and make waayyyy too many FAP jokes and puns. And after going through this program a second time, we are now beyond desensitized to the word. Its both awful and great. The week started off on August 18th when us counselors met up in our room on the fourth floor of the Student Center. The freshman arrived on the 21st, so that gave us around three days to do all the prep work, which included: saran wrapping the windows (so the freshmen can paint on them guilt free) looking over and updating our various activity sheets making door signs for the freshman   getting a LOT of cardboard and wood scraps forreasons making a, well,  some may call it, an intro video. Others, a cringy atrocity. Continue reading to decide picking up and sorting through our supplies and shirts making our FAP sign (so that we can hold it for freshman to see as they come to our meeting location) Here is a picture:   Once the froshlings arrived, who we referred to affectionatley as fappers, the week officially started! And just like last year, it was a week of jam packed fun, art, and bonding! Many events, per tradition, are kept as surprises during the week, so we cannot reveal *everything* here. Instead, here is a hodge podge of photos from the week! Because this week is all about art, us counselors decided to *become* the art! p.s. if you think one of the counselors is photoshopped in, you are probably right On our Boston Commons picnic! There was a squirrel that was circling us very persistently, its eyes glued on our food The coordinators that made FAP happen, Sofie A. 19 (standing) and Joanna G. 20 (being held)! This is a personality picture if there ever was one We genuinely dont remember what was going on here Heather N. 20 wearing her handcrafted felt shirt! the counselors (An J. 21 in the foreground) being lazy while the fappers laboriously decorate the saran wrapped windows! We tried procrastinating this with the pictures, but we can only insert so many.  Here is this the counselor intro video youve been warned: Besides these random happenings throughout the week, the fappers worked on art projects of their choosing! This year, like last, the projects were interdisciplinary, and also decided by the fappers, to maximize their enjoyment of the program! This year, we ended with four amazing groups that made four amazing projects! The Game Design / Theater group made an interactive murder mystery puzzle hunt/show! The Music group made and performed a wholesome rap about their week at FAP! The Fiber Arts / Sculpture  group made and performed a multi media puppet show! The Dance group choreographed and performed a fantastic dance with a comedic twist! Just like last year, FAP really started our year out on the right foot! It was really revitalizing to interact with so many passionate and artistic and jazzed freshmen! From admiring their crazy earrings, to talking with them about anime, to listening in on a heated debate about the US education system, to learning about the nuanced social hierarchy in high school marching band, to watching them climb things (literally and figuratively), we are so happy to have met each and every one of them! Thanks to all the awesome counselors and 2022s that made the beginning of our year awesome! On that note, here’s to junior year and everything it brings! Post Tagged #2022s #cringe #FPOP #Freshman Arts Program

Moralitys Biological Nature - 2047 Words

Moralitys Biological Nature: Implications for the Attribution of Good and Evil. A man who has no assured and ever present belief in the existence of a personal God or of a future existence with retribution and reward, can have for his rule of life, as far as I can see, only to follow those impulses and instincts which are the strongest or which seem to him the best ones. . . . If he acts for the good of others, he will receive the approbation of his fellow men and gain the love of those with whom he lives. - Charles Darwin In my last paper Serial Killers: Just trying to feel normal, its not my fault (4) I addressed the question as to whether biology can make us murderers. In my paper I catalogued multiple instances in†¦show more content†¦These individuals may simply be impaired and hard-wired incorrectly, in such a way that they do not fall into a category of evil or wrong, but into a category of less wrong, and even unfortunate individuals who have been denied the ability to empathize with others and understand the inherently (and mandatory) intentional natures of good and evil behaviors. As science begins to unravel personality, accountability unravels with it. The person becomes his parts - some working, some defective through no fault of his own. (4) Morality is as firmly grounded in neurobiology as anything else we do or are, said de Waal (6). Morality must be seen as a state that is available to our species as a whole, and thus the biological impairment of not having morality would be seen as what allows us to throw off the drastic label of evil for he who has impairment. The idea that morality might be a biological trait in the human nature dates even back to the father of evolution. In The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin addressed the development of a moral sense from a naturalistic perspective (1). He implies that morality could have arisen as a consequence of human beings biological and social characteristics. This would imply that it isShow MoreRelatedKohlbergs Theory of Moral Development1236 Words   |  5 Pagessocial contract, which is ultimately the highest level of moral reasoning. This is evidenced in everyday life due to the fact the when pressed, individuals are incapable of providing evidence for any kind of unive rsal ethical value not explained by biological, physiological, or cultural evolution (which ultimately means that it is not in fact universal). Recognizing that the highest level of moral reasoning is based in the social contract is important for psychologists and the public alike, becauseRead MoreOrigins of Morality Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped in the history of humanity. He returned to the very beginning when man lived in the state of nature. He said that man was generally good but not in a moral sense that we know today, probably in a way of usefulness that would benefit us for our survival. The savage did not possess an understanding and knowledge of morality; the ideas of â€Å"good or bad† were actually not inherent in their nature (Discourse on Inequality, pg. 68). His main concern was to survive through fulfilling his basic needsRead MoreFree Will, Nature, And Nurture3271 Words   |  14 Pages The Origins of Morality: How Nature, Nurture, and Especially Free Will Influence One’s Moral Framework Political Science 302 Free Will, Nature, and Nurture in Politics and Society March 16, 2015 Lindsey Macalalad When thinking about morality, it is necessary to consider how aspects from both nature and nurture, along with free will, may form ones moral beliefs and dictate ones moral actions. To understand how moral beliefs as well as actions formulate and operate within individualsRead MoreMoralitys Foundations : Nurture Or Nature?1871 Words   |  8 PagesMorality’s Foundations: Nurture or Nature? The foundations of human morality have often been a point of contention in the scientific and psychological communities, with researchers frequently debating if human morals are innate sensations that are hardwired into one’s genetic makeup or that morals start out as a blank slate that are simply molded by the environment in which an individual was brought up. In recent times, we have seen a vast amount of scientific publications favoring both sides of

The Reformation Movement Of The German Town Of Marburg On...

In the German town of Marburg-on-the-Lahn over the days of the 1st-4th October 1529 a meeting of minds was convened. Those involved were the leading theologians of a burgeoning religious movement. Their hearts and minds were focussed on the reformation of the church, driven by their love for, and study of Scripture. Conversely there still remained strongly held, widely different views on certain matters of belief and practice. These views were polarised around the issue of Eucharistic understanding, an issue, which at its core had implications for the immediate context of the reformation movement, and the course of the wider early modern social, political and ecclesiastical history . Implications, which at the deepest level, involved†¦show more content†¦The seeking of protective alliances was a crucial matter in the context of the German movement, Owen Chadwick describes the Germany of the 16th century as governed by a miscellany of local powers, princes, bishops, city mag istrates, nobles or robber barons, knights. The Central government was weak and these local powers depended on local strength rather than upon weak imperial law. The previous year had seen war panic whereby Otto von Pack provisional chancellor of the Duchy of Saxony, fraudulently led Phillip into the belief that Ferdinand of Austria, the Electors of Mainz and Brandenburg, the Dukes of Saxony and Bavaria, and other Roman Catholic rulers had concluded a league at Breslau, May 15, 1527, for the extermination of Protestantism. This fraught situation had elicited a rash response from Phillip, which had painted the Protestant princes as ‘aggressors and disturbers of the peace’. These issues coupled with the recent chaos of the Peasants war (1524-25) impressed upon Phillip and many of those attending Marburg, the necessity and urgency of an alliance built on common belief and practise. Tensions in Switzerland between Protestant and Catholic cantons had lead to violence, and the formulation of a â€Å"Christian Union† by catholic cantons, backed by Frederick, Duke of Austria, with the aim of protecting the faith. The formulation of this ‘Christian Union’ was

The Role of Beatrice Portinari in Dante The Divine Comedy

Beatrice Portinari is seen throughout the book of â€Å"Dante The Divine Comedy†. She originally meets Dante in the year 1274, on May Day in Florence, Italy. Beatrice is from a wealthy Florentine family and was eight years old the first time they meet and did not speak a word to each other (Cotter, 21). She was the principle inspiration for Dante’s La Vita Nuova, a book about Dante’s love connection to her (Passages to the Past). Dante and Beatrice have only met twice, but Dante was so touched by both meetings he shares his love for Beatrice with the reader. The second encounter occurred when they passed each other on the streets of Florence. She turned and greeted him; this filled him with such joy that he ran to his room and started to†¦show more content†¦In this sense Beatrice seems as the only evidence on why Dante should continue his journey through hell. Beatrice is the reason why Dante even made it through the underworld, by sending a guide do wn to help him. Her love for him got him through hell and on to the next chapter of his journey. Beatrice is seen in Dante’s Purgatory when she comes to him in a griffin drawn chariot. She comes down to Dante wearing a white veil representing faith, a green cape symbolizing hope and underneath the cape she wore a robe of flaming red signifying burning love. When she first arrives to Dante she comes to him in a harsh approach, something like an admiral. She does this to try to get a confession out of Dante, and mention to him that he cannot continue his journey if he is not happy and cleansed (University of Texas at Austin). Beatrice comes to him and mentions to him that Virgil can no longer help on his quest, he cannot leave limbo. Beatrice speaks to Dante and tells him to not weep about the fact that Virgil cannot help him on his journey anymore, but to look forward to the next point in his journey. She comes to him and tells Dante to wash himself in the waters of Lethe (Kline). This will cleanse him and take away his sins. She also mentions the waters of Euone will help restore good in Dante. Beatrice can take Dante on to the next realm throughShow MoreRelatedDantes Voyage Through Hell1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Inferno was written by Dante Alighieri around 1314 and depicts the poet’s imaginary journey through Hell. Dante spent his life traveling from court to court both lecturing and writing down his experiences. His Divine Comedy – the three-part epic poem consisting of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso (Hell, Purgatory and Heaven)– is generally regarded as one of the greatest poetic feats ever accomplished. All three parts are incredible literary feats with symbolism so complex and beautiful thatRead MoreTaking a Look at the European Renaissance Essays1385 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies of reason, individuality, and learning. Numerous people developed an interest in a philosophy known as humanism, also referred to as humanistic studies or the humanities, which challenged the structure of society, especially when considering the role of the church. Such ideas sparked responses from a multitude of people that were beginning to doubt the arrangement of European society. Indeed, the audience for humanism was a great one, the size of the audience subsequently resulted in the creationRead More Dantes Motivation to Write The Divine Comedy Essay3226 Words   |  13 PagesMotivation to Write The Divine Comedy (La Divina Commedia) To truly comprehend Dante’s Divine Comedy, although complete comprehension is not necessary to enjoy this literary masterpiece, there are several skills one might need to acquire. For instance, one helpful piece of knowledge would be the ability to fluently speak Italian, since the many translations differ being able to have read Dante’s actual written words and understand them would make reading the Divine Comedy a bit more personalRead MoreThe Inferno : Depiction And Representation Of Women2519 Words   |  11 Pagesthe context of the poem than what they say alone. Dante lived in an era when women did not occupy influential roles in the public realm, and were actually discouraged from engaging in intellectual or philosophical debate. Women were not allowed to take part in political discourse nor communicate through the medium of poetry. For the exclusion of women from the historical and literary western canon, Dante’s perception of women in The Divine Comedy can be seen as an underlying framework for furtherRead MoreReligious Conflict Of Dante s Inferno1570 Words   |  7 Pagesthe people he knew (Tompsett).† They both agree that Dante is painting a picture of the dredges of society and the torture that they must endure as a result of their inability to turn from sin. They also quote scholar David H. Higgins to say that â€Å"Dante arguably believed he was writing a gospel to convert his recalcitrant age (Tompsett).† Scholar and critic Nicole Rudick confirms this portrayal of dismal hopelessness with her comment, â€Å"Dante created a rigid view of good and evil, showing no mercyRead MoreWhy Is Humanities Important?3163 Words   |  13 PagesThere are many reasons that humanities is taught. Humanities play its largest role in culture, and our understanding of it. There are certain things that it s believed people will be better off for knowing. A lot of great works of literature fall into that category. The big gest ones are especially important because they haven t stopped coming up. These works are continuously referenced. Another reason that humanities is taught is because it helps people express themselves better, and have a broader

Manson Family Member Linda Kasabian

Charles Manson made a poor call when he picked Linda Kasabian to join the group of killers who set out to kill everyone inside the homes of actress Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca. Kasabian was there  but stood in horror as the screams of the victims broke the nights silence. She managed to escape from the Manson family and later turned states evidence during the Tate and LaBianca murder trials. It was her eye-witness testimony that sealed the convictions of those responsible for the brutal murders. The Early Days Linda Kasabian was born on June 21, 1949, in Biddeford, Maine. At age 16, she quit school, left home and headed out west in search for the meaning of life. While on the road, she lived in various hippie communes where she engaged in casual sex and drugs. By the age of 20, she was a two-time divorcee and had given birth to a baby girl. On July 4, 1969, pregnant with her second child, she visited Spahn Ranch and immediately joined Charles Manson and the Manson family. Helter Skelter On August 8, 1969, Kasabian, who had only been with the Manson family for four weeks, was selected by Manson to drive family members Tex Watson, Susan Atkins and Patricia Krenwinkel to 10050 Cielo Drive. The assignment for the night was to murder everyone inside the home. Manson believed that the massacre would kick start an apocalyptic race war that he had predicted and named Helter Skelter. It was the address of actor Sharon Tate and her husband, film director Roman Polanski.  The couple was renting the house and Sharon Tate, who was eight and a half months pregnant, invited Hollywood hairstylist, Jay Sebring,  coffee heiress Abigail Folger, and Polish actor Wojciech Frykowski, to stay as house guests while Polanski was away in London. 10050 Cielo Drive had previously been the home of record producer Terry Melcher, who Manson had tried to get a record contract with, but the deal never materialized. Angry that Melcher was putting him off, Manson when to his home to confront him, but Melcher had moved away and Manson was asked to leave the premises. Angry and rejected, the address became symbolic of all that Manson hated about the establishment. Butchered When the Manson family members arrived at the Tate home, Kasabian watched as the groups first victim, 18-year-old Steven Parent, was shot to death by Tex Watson. Parent had just graduated from high school and was trying to raise money for college. He was hoping to sell his radio to his friend William Garretson, who was the caretaker of the Tate home.  After visiting with Garretson, he  was on his way home and was driving up to the electric gates to leave the Tate home, just as the Manson group arrived. Watson knifed and shot him three times, killing him. Kasabian later  stood watch outside the Tate home and heard screams coming from inside. She watched in shock as some of the victims came running outside the home, soaked in blood and screaming for help, only to be caught and butchered on the front lawn by Tex Watson  and Susan Atkins. Kasabian tried to stop the massacre by telling the group that she heard noises, but her attempts failed and everyone inside the house, including eight-month pregnant Sharon Tate was viciously murdered. After the murders, Kasabian wiped off blood and fingerprints from the weapons used in the murders and dropped them into a ravine. The LaBianca Murders The next night Kasabian was ordered by Manson to go out again and later testified that she was too afraid to tell him no. This time the group included Manson, Watson, Atkins, Krenwinkel. Kasabian, Van Houten and Steve Grogan. The group drove to Leo and Rosemary LaBianca. First Manson and Tex went inside the LaBianca home and tied up the couple. He instructed Watson, Krenwinkel, and Van Houten to go inside and kill the couple. Manson, Kasabian, Atkins and Grogan drove away, and went hunting for another victim.   Manson wanted to find and murder an actor who was also one of Kasabians old boyfriends. She purposely pointed out the wrong apartment and the group, tired of driving around, gave up and returned to the ranch. Kasabian Escapes Spahn Ranch Two days after the LaBianca murders, Kasabian agreeing to run an errand for Manson, used the opportunity to flee from Spahn Ranch. To avoid suspicion she had to leave her daughter Tonya behind. Later  she located her daughter at a foster home where she was placed after the October police raid on Spahn Ranch. Kasabian Turns State Evidence Kasabian went to live with her mother in New Hampshire. A warrant for her arrest was issued on December 2, 1969, for her involvement in the Tate and LaBianca murders. She immediately turned herself over to the authorities and turned states evidence and was given immunity for her testimony. Her testimony was invaluable for the prosecution in the Tate-LaBianca murder trial. Co-defendants Charles Manson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel and Leslie Van Houten were found guilty largely based on Kasabians direct and honest testimony. After the trial, she returned to New Hampshire where she dealt with a lot of public scorn. She eventually changed her name and it has been rumored hat she moved to Washington State. See Also: The Manson Family Photo Album Source:Desert Shadows by Bob MurphyHelter Skelter by Vincent Bugliosi and Curt GentryThe Trial of Charles Manson by Bradley Steffens

Scarlett letter essay Free Essays

Scarlett Letter Essay Free Essays In the novel, The Scarlett Letter, the character that is the most striking morally ambiguous character is Reverend Dimmesdale. He can be identified as neither good nor evil because of many reasons, including his monumental secret of being an adulterist, his random acts of saying sweet nothings to the people of the church, his sermons secretly related to his life spreading a powerful message, and ultimately his confession of committing adultery with Hester. The significance of his moral ambiguity to the novel as a whole can be seen as a theme in the novel, that the ends can justify the means. We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlett Letter Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, the Reverend has had an illegitimate child with one of the women of the town, Hester Prynne, which is presumptuously seen as an act of evil. On top of committing such an action, Reverend Dimmesdale does not identify himself as the father of the child for a greater part of the novel. One might ask oneself, why would a member of the church commit such a sinful action? This is an unexplainable question and even ironic. A person of such holy stature would typically never do such a sinful action, assuming his position in the church. On top of his mortal sin of committing adultery, despite being a leader of the church, he commits a venial sin by hiding his wrongful actions to the entire town, which in my personal opinion is just as bad. In retrospect, Reverend Dimmesdale’s sinful actions could only lead one to assume that he is indeed a person of evil nature. Although Dimmesdale’s actions have been actions of pure evil, his recognition of his wrongdoings has played an important role in his profession of faith through his sermons, which can ultimately be seen as actions of good nature. In the novel, Reverend Dimmesdale expresses to the community, through the power of words, examples of sinners such as himself and their wrongful actions, without telling the townspeople his sins. Despite his sins and his inability to share them, Dimmesdale commits an action that could be seen as pure good by informing the members of the church what not to do. All in all, it appears that the evil in Dimmesdale is being covered up trough the good deeds that has come of them, such as being a teacher to all of the churchgoers. Lastly, the most notable action of Dimmesdale that can be seen as an action of pure good, is his confession of committing adultery with Hester. At the end of the novel, Reverend Dimmesdale admits to the townspeople that he is the father of Hester’s daughter, Pearl, by showing the crowd his branded chest, immediately preceding his death. Although it took the reverend the entire novel to admit to his sins, this shows that he is truly good despite his acts of evil. In conclusion, Reverend Dimmesdale’s actions neither define him as good nor evil, but somewhere in between. He is not an evil person because good came from his evil actions, nor is he good because of his horrid sins. Reverend Dimmesdale’s undefined character ties to a theme in the novel pertaining to the question: Do the ends justify the means? In other words, does the end result make the actions taken to get to such a result okay? In relation to the novel, the ends certainly justify the means; Dimmesdale and Hester’s love for each other led them to commit adultery which ultimately enabled them to express their fierce love for one another. Furthermore, the ends: expressing their love justifies the means: committing adultery because these actions were the only way that they could be happy together, which is the most important factor. How to cite Scarlett Letter Essay, Essay examples

Science of Stars Free Essays

Stars are well recognized astronomical objects in our solar system and represent building blocks of galaxies. The history and dynamics of a star in a galaxy depends on its age, distribution, and composition. The stars are responsible for elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. We will write a custom essay sample on Science of Stars or any similar topic only for you Order Now A star’s life begins very small, like many more things in the universe. They begin as, apart from anything else, particles in clouds of dust and gas. They remain cold for ages. The disturbance of a comet or other object that moves through the cloud will then make particles collide and clumps will begin to form. Over the course of a million years, clumps will grow into what we call â€Å"protostar† and draw in more gases and grow even hotter. This is how stars are formed and is a point in a star’s life. Astronomers determine composition, color, and temperature of stars and other distant objects with an essential tool called a spectroscopy. Astronomers have used this tool since the 1800’s to analyze emitted light spectra. When a star gives off light and the light splits by prism, the spectral pattern reflects a star’s composition. All stars are 95% hydrogen, so the variations in composition reveal its age, luminosity, and origin. Composition of gases can be determined by observing the light of a star. Astronomers can determine the temperature of a star from its color and its spectrum. All stars have different colors. They have different colors due to its light radiation. There are a few different ways astronomers can determine a star’s temperature. One way is to measure a star’s color. They use three filters that transmit light in three different wavelength ranges. Astronomers then take the intensity ratio of the light. Another way to determine the temperature of a star is to examine the spectral lines in the starlight. Science of Stars3 Astronomers also use a tool called the electromagnetic spectrum to determine the composition, temperature, speed, and rotation rate of stars and other distant objects. Rotation rates are measured by using telescopes or space probes. Astronomers pick a particular feature on an object and then determine how long the feature takes to move from one side to the other side. For an example, the Sun has a rotation rate of about 25 days. One planet in our solar system that is difficult for astronomers to observe rotation rate is Earth. That is because we live on Earth and rotate with it. As stars progress through their lives they move around in the H-R diagram since their properties change over a period of time. In the H-R diagram it plots luminosity, spectral type, and also temperature. If a star is plotted higher up on the diagram on the vertical plane, this means that the stars are brighter. If a star is plotted in the horizontal plane to the left, this means that these stars are the hottest. Stars spend most of their lifetime in what is known as the main sequence in the H-R diagram. In this phase of a star’s life, they burn hydrogen into helium. Also at this point, the star’s size and luminosity remain constant because their forces have reached a near-equilibrium. Stars will remain in the main sequence until they reach a certain mass. Stars that are called supergiants in the H-R diagram and lie along the top right are luminous and cool. The stars that are called white dwarfs and are plotted at the bottom left of the diagram are fainter, hotter stars. The red giant stars are the stars of great luminosity and size. They form a thick horizontal band that joins the main sequence. All the stars on the H-R diagram are plotted by their color horizontally and their luminosity vertically. All the colors are coded from O (blue), B (blue), A (blue-white), F (white), G (yellow), K (orange), and M (red). Science of Stars4 In the center of our solar system lies a star called â€Å"the Sun†. Its color is white, but appears to us on Earth as yellow and is considered a main sequence star. The life cycle of the Sun, just like any other star starts with a cloud of gas and dust composed mainly of hydrogen collapses under gravitational forces. It was formed about 4. 5 billion years ago determined by scientists using the Sun’s current main sequence age. Right now, the Sun is believed to be about halfway through its main sequence evolution. The Sun should spend about 10 billion years as a main sequence star. It will enter the red giant stage in about 5 billion years. By the time it reaches to be a giant star stage, the Sun will have lost about 30% of its mass due to a stellar wind. The orbits of the planets will move outward then. Eventually our Earth will be swallowed by the Sun. The Sun living in the main sequence is gradually becoming more luminous and its temperature is slowly rising. After the red giant stage, the Sun’s outer layers will be thrown off. It will cool and fade into the white dwarf stage. As of right now, the Sun’s life cycle is the main sequence stage. It is considered middle aged at 4. 5 billion years old. The Sun is currently fusing hydrogen in its core and has been for the last 5,000 million years, and it is expected to continue fusing hydrogen for at least another 4,000 million years. The main sequence stage is the longest and most stable phase of its existence and this stage lasts about 10 billion years for a star. The main sequence is also the first stage of a star after becoming a star, right after the protostar stage. The following stage after the main sequence stage would be the red giant stage. I have now discussed in this paper how astronomers determine composition, temperature, speed, and rotation rate of distant objects. I explained the properties of the stars in the H-R Science of Stars5 diagram, summarized the life cycle of the Sun, and also stated where the Sun is currently in its life cycle. How to cite Science of Stars, Papers

Law E-commerce UK Consumer Rights Act 2015

Question: Discuss about the Law E-commerce UK for Consumer Rights Act 2015? Answer: Introduction The Consumer Rights Act brought into practice from the recent year 2015 which is meant for simplification, modernization and strengthening of the law in UK. Thus, provide more effective coverage of the rights of consumers during the process of buying. This new act has replaced the old sale of goods act and introduced a number of clarifications in the process. This paper deals with the evaluation of the case of Nadim basing on his experience from an e-commerce transaction, to identify the rights using the implied terms provided in the Consumer Rights Act 2015. The Issue or Problem Area This is apparent from the case study that Nadim, was willing to take the pictures of the start at night and therefore, the consumer needed tow lenses for his digital Canon camera 5D mk ii. He was willing to buy two second hand lenses from the given links provided by the camera website. The description it was found that the lenses were of 1970s and the first lens is a Pentax Super Takumar SMC 50mm F1.4, whilst the second lens is a Canon 58mm F1.2 FD. Further the consumer also required the adapters for the fixing the old lenses in his camera and the seller assured that he would get cheap adapters for both lenses. Therefore, Nadim went ahead and purchased both the lenses. However, the problem arises when it was found by the consumer that the products or goods were not of satisfactory quality. The lenses were radioactive and slightly yellow which would affect the quality of the picture as the same would cause loss of light. Further, the adapters that the person required were also not fitting for the purpose. The second lens was old fitting type and the same cannot be used by the consumer and the adapter of the second lens was just not appropriate to take pictures at night. Moreover, the qualities of the adapters were poor enough to degrade the quality of the picture. Therefore, this is apparent that the main purpose of buying the lenses was to take pictures at night and the adapters were required for fixing the lenses in his camera. However, the goods were not of the satisfactory quality and were not serving the purpose of the consumers. Moreover, it was also discovered by the consumer after the purchase that the lenses were slightly radioactive and this was another matter of concern of the consumer. Nevertheless, on demanding for the refund the seller refused it on the grounds that, the level of radiation from the lenses would not be harmful and the adapters that he provided to the consumers were the best fitted adapters that he could arrange for the old lenses. The Relevant Law for the Issue Therefore, from the above mentioned problem of Nadim, that resulted from the purchase of goods through e-commerce there are few terms which are implied from the Consumer Rights Act 2015. There are some of the statutory rights of goods contract which are the goods to be of satisfactory quality and goods to be fit for the particular purpose, implied terms applicable for the considered case[1]. Further this is implied contract in supply of goods that the quality of the goods would be satisfactory, as per the Consumer Rights Act under the term of goods to be of satisfactory quality[2]. The goods are termed to be satisfactory on meeting the standard of quality from the perspective of a reasonable person. The quality of goods considers, the fitness of the purpose, look, goods should be devoid of minor defect and safety of the products along with durability is must[3]. In case of anything unsatisfactory about the goods the same should be brought into the notice of the buyer prior to the con tract is made. The three primary factors embodied under product quality requirements marked by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 are; the satisfactory quality, fit for the purpose and as described. The rules mentioned in the new Act are applicable for all types of products and irrespective of the mode of sale whether e-commerce or from physical shop. Further, in case of any disputes and violation of the consumer right there are certain remedies which are introduced in the Consumer Rights Act [4]. The bases set for refunding along with the period as the remedy for the breach of any contract in the supply of goods. Application of the Law For the considered case of Nadim the specified law of goods to be of satisfactory quality under section 9(2), is applicable. As, the claimant Nadim was not able to use the second Canon lens and further the adapters were too poor for providing quality picture sold by the seller, therefore, the good were not at all satisfactory. This is true that Nadim bought second hand lenses as he demand for used lenses but, this does not permit the seller to Nadim with poor quality lenses which are slightly yellow and radioactive. Questioning right to safety of the consumer also the second lens is not at all suitable for taking pictures at night[5]. However, it was mentioned by the claimant that he was looking for fast lenses for taking picture of the starts at night. The above case can also be related with the case law, Stevenson v Rogers (1999), where the claimant bought a boat from the fisherman for the consideration of $ 14[6]. However, the claimant was not satisfied with the boat due to its poor quality and was not serving the purpose for which the boat was purchased[7]. Therefore, the claimant filed a case against the fisherman on the ground of breach of the amount paid for the poor quality boat, under the sale of goods sold act[8]. The defendant tried to defend himself but, the fisherman was held liable by the court that the sale was considered to be a business transaction[9]. Therefore, it was the duty of the seller to make sure of the quality of the boat before selling. Similarly, in case of Nadim also the lenses and the adapter sold by the seller were of poor quality and not meeting the need of the buyer. Moreover, the law term fitness for purpose under section 10 (1) is also applicable in case of Nadim as, it was mentioned by the claimant to the seller that he wanted fast lenses for taking the shots of the stars through a mail. However, the second lens was not only suitable for taking photos at night but also not fitting in the camera, and the both the lenses were yellowish would reduce the light of the picture. Despite, the purpose of buyer was clear to the seller the person sold such poor quality lenses and one of them was not serving the purpose at all[10]. This case can be related to the recent case took place in UK, BSS Group Plc v Makers (UK) Ltd (t/a Allied Services) 2011, where the seller BSS Group Plc sold adaptor and valve to Makers (UK) Ltd for assisting in a plumbing project of renovation[11]. The problem occurred when it was found that the items bought were not suitable for the purpose, rather the valve blew casing flood on the house ground. While, placing the order the purpose was mentioned and for the specific purpose the seller was supposed to provide a particular type of valve and adaptor but, the seller failed to do so. Thus, BSS was found guilty under section 14 (3) of sale of goods act in the eye of law. Another case, Bernstein v Pamson Motors 1986, the merchantable quality of the goods was the main consideration of the specified case under sale of goods act. This case can be associated with the revised consideration in Consumer Rights Act 2015, goods to be of satisfactory quality under section 9 (1) and (3) to a certain extent. In the case the claimant purchased a car from the car manufacturer however, after a short period of use the car broke down while driving and the defendant accepted the fault and repaired the car as new one without any charges as the products sold by the seller was faulty[12]. Therefore, in case of Nadim also the adapters were not of poor quality, the lenses were radioactive might prove to be harmful for the claimant and the second lens was applicable for taking pictures at night. Conclusion From evaluation of Nadims case enclosure to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 this is clear that the claimant has the right to file case against the seller under section 9 (1) and (3) and also section 10 (1). Further, from the analysis of certain other cases under sale of goods act this is clear that Nadim have the right to ask for the refund from the defendant as, the lenses and adapters were not satisfactory; not serving the purpose properly further, and safety factor is also questioned as the lenses were found to be radioactive. Nadim can claim for refund under, 30 day right to reject specified by Consumer Right Act 2015. References: [1] Gov.uk,. 2015,Consumer Rights Act 2015 - GOV.UK. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/consumer-rights-act-2015/consumer-rights-act-2015 [2] Legislation.gov.uk,. 2016,Consumer Rights Act 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15/part/1/enacted [3] Which.co.uk,. 2016,Consumer Rights Act 2015 - Which?. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.which.co.uk/consumer-rights/regulation/consumer-rights-act [4] BBC News,. 2016,Your new consumer rights explained - BBC News. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34410782 [5] Burrows, A. 2013,English Private Law. Oxford University Press. [6] Webstroke.co.uk,. 2016,Stevenson v Rogers [1999] | Case Summary | Webstroke Law. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://webstroke.co.uk/law/cases/stevenson-v-rogers-1999 [7] E-lawresources.co.uk,. 2016,Stevenson v Rogers. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Stevenson-v-Rogers.php [8] Whincup, M. 2006,Contract Law and Practice: The English System with Scottish, Commonwealth, and Continental Comparisons. Kluwer Law International. [9] Del Valle, S. 2003,Language rights and the law in the United States. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. [10] DiMatteo, L., Zhou, Q., Saintier, S., Rowley, K. 2013,Commercial Contract Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [11] Lexisweb.co.uk,. 2016,Makers (UK) Ltd (trading as Allied Services) v BSS Group Plc | LexisWeb. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://lexisweb.co.uk/cases/2011/july/makers-uk-ltd-trading-as-allied-services-v-bss-group-plc [12] Ho, H. 1997, Some Reflections on Property and Title in the Sale of Goods Act.Cam. Law. J.,vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 571.

The poem Grass by Carl Sa... free essay sample

The poem Grass by Carl Sandburg is a timeless writing that advances its theme through setting, repetition, and personification. According to the class text, theme is the central message or idea that the poet hopes the reader will take away from the poem (). One of the main themes in Grass is the aftermath of warfare. Sandburg chooses to focus on the death and destruction that results from war instead of the valor or heroism in supporting ones county. He uses lines such as, Pile the bodies high at Austerlitz and Waterloo, to paint this picture (). A second theme touched upon is the one of memory and the past. The grass is used to cover the once red battlefields with a bright layer of green; effectively erasing the lands own scars. This points to the theme that nature will not remember what happened during wartime, therefore, it is up to humanity to remember their own fallen soldiers. We will write a custom essay sample on The poem Grass by Carl Sa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The final theme in Sandburgs Grass is the longstanding tug-o-war competition between man and the natural world. Man will change the landscape in war but nature will wipe it all away in time. Setting is a fundamental element that provides context for the action of a story (). In Sandburgs Grass, the author uses the names of some of historys more famous battles to convey the theme. Austerlitz, Waterloo, Gettysburg, Ypres, and Verdun were all battles of great carnage and life loss. Sandburg mentions these bloody battles and follows with the line, I am the grass; I cover all. () The line paints a picture of dead bodies, guns, horses, and the injured all mangled together across a battlefield and then the green grass beginning to grow between the cracks to cover and erase. The setting can also solicit an emotional response for the audience which the readers are reminded of when reading about the horrors the green landscape hinds.Repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases multiple times for emphasis to make an idea more memorable or clear. In Grass, Sandburg enjoys repeating the lines, I am the grass and Let me work for highlight and weight. The poem is written in free verse but is given structure through the repeated pile and shovel phrases along with Sandburgs careful placement of each line (newyork). By repeating these lines Sandburg creates a sense that the grasss work is never done. This plays into the wartime theme in that history is doomed to repeat its battlefield horrors. This poem draws attention to the reality of war and in a sense questions if humanity will do anything to fix the cycle. Another point to notice is that this poem is without rhyme. According to the class text, Rhyme is simply when two words have the same end sound and end rhyme, which is a common in a significant amount of modern poetry but not this piece (). Rhyme gives balance and a sense of completion which isnt the intended effect Sandburg was looking for with this piece of literature. The main line, I am the grass, let me work, is written in a present tense indicating that Sandburg wanted to show the grasss work as incomplete and ongoing (NY). It points the readers once more in the direction of the themes. Sandburg wanted his audience to analyze historys reoccurring cycle of war and the struggle between man and nature. Furthermore, he presses his audience to look deep within oneself and reflect upon the images of wartime aftermath.In the class textbook, personification is defined as when a writer gives a non-human the qualities of a real person (). In Sandburgs poem Grass, the grass is used as the speaker stating phrases such as, Shovel them under and let me work. This shows that Sandburg as given the grass human qualities saying that it has a drive to work. This is personification because the grass is not human and it does not experience motivation, emotions, or a will to work. However, taking up the perspective of the grass in a war setting is a peculiar one. Since grass does not feel or process thought, it doesnt understand the scene of bodies before it that it works to cover. This tosses the responsibility into the hands of humankind. Grass cannot stop war and destruction, it will only work to erase it with the earth that grows up over it. Sandburg points the readers in the direction of the theme again with this point. He acknowledges that only people will be able to remember their death and only people will be able to step in to stop the cycle of slaughter().Through setting, repetition, and personification Carl Sandburg expresses several relevant themes that uphold throughout the centuries in his poem Grass. In the final phrases he engages and turns the attention into the readers, Two years, ten years, and passengers ask the conductor:What place is this? Where are we now?(). Sandburg is showing the readers that they are all the passengers on that train. The scenes of massacre Sandburg alludes to are the very images he wants his readers to reflect upon. This circles back to the main themes of wartime aftermath, memory of the past, and the struggle between man and nature. Sandburg wants to pull the readers into the poem, to get them to acknowledges its themes as a very real reality. In this notion, Sandburg ultimately leaves a door of controversial discussions open.

Staying on Top of Marketing Best Practices

As we officially start summer (in the northern hemisphere, at least), it’s a good time to take stock of marketing progress so far in 2016 and look for opportunities to adjust for the rest of the year. Marketing is a constantly changing industry and it’s essential to regularly monitor best practices and trends while looking at how you can further optimize your own strategies. To help you stay on top of some of the most impactful trends, I’ve put together a list. 1. More and more mobile Ever since Google’s #Mobilegeddon update in April 2015, mobile optimization has been a top priority.Websites that don’t pass the minimal requirement as set out by Google will see their SEO rankings (and traffic) take a huge hit. Why this emphasis on mobile search and marketing?Mobile is increasingly where your customers are.Users now spend more of their digital time on their mobile devices than on desktops, laptops or other connected devices. So, if you can’t reach your target audience through mobile search or mobile browsing, you’re bound to lose many of them to the competition. 2. Storytelling on social Storytelling has been always been a cornerstone of good content marketing. But 2016 has seen more social media campaigns being built around stories – whether foundational stories, customer success stories or inspirational staff stories. These can not only help humanize your brand and draw readers in, but, if they make an emotional impact, your audience is much more likely to remember your brand and come back again. 3. Getting personal Understandably, personalization makes content and marketing much more effective. Luckily, you likely have a lot of data at your disposal to better target and personalize your content and offers to align with your shoppers’ interests and wants. 4. Overcoming content saturation With 4.6 billion pieces of content being produced every day online, competition for audiences is becoming even more fierce. To stand out, you need original, high-quality content in the best format for your unique audience. Biggest takeaway: keep adapting With so much change to stay on top of, it can be difficult to decide how to best allocate your resources and adjust your marketing efforts.Start by reviewing your goals for the year and your progress towards them. Not all trends will work for you but if you can continually test and optimize, you’re much more likely to find success. If there’s room for improvement, look at what is working for other brands online and test it with your company.

A Seperate Peace Finny free essay sample

A Seperate Peace- Finny A ; Gene Essay, Research Paper A Seperate Peace The line between friendly relationship and hatred can sometimes be really ill-defined. Where precisely does one cross over this line? Could it perchance be when one discovers enviousness within himself for his friend, or is it when he begins to wish he is someplace other so where he is? In the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the friendly relationship line between Finny and Gene is highly ill-defined. What would do 1s best friend to bounce a tree limb in hopes the other would be harmed? To understand the relationship of Finny and Gene you must analyse their backgrounds. The storyteller of the novel, Gene Forrester, is a adult adult male who returns to the Devon School and recollects his old ages spent at that place. During the continuance of the fresh Gene is around 16 old ages old, he is thoughtful, intelligent, with a inclination to brood. We will write a custom essay sample on A Seperate Peace Finny or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gene is highly competitory with a sarcastic sense of wit. He frequently shuns open shows of emotion, much like most pupils at Devon. Gene s best friend is Finny ( Phineas ) . Finny is perfect in about every manner. He is honorable, fine-looking, self confident, absolutely demilitarizing, highly sympathetic, every bit good as the best jock in the full school. Finny lives for minutes of pure, unrestrained friendly relationship, and his strong sense of trueness extends to any group of which he is a member. He strives to be rebellious, doing even the sternness advocates indulge in lawless cloud nine with him. Now understanding the individuality of Gene and Finny you can get down to analyse their friendly relationship. The two characters both have their ain strong and hebdomad qualities. Gene is smart and an mean jock, while Finny is an first-class jock but a below mean pupil. In a state of affairs such as this, one may get down to acquire covetous of the others gifts. In the fresh Gene realizes that Finny is highly covetous of his gifts and attempts many different ways to destroy Gene. For illustration Finny dr silvers Gene to the seashore, maintaining him up all dark, doing Gene to acquire a D on his trigonometry test the undermentioned forenoon. With Finny s increased analyzing, Gene interprets this as an effort to even things out. Finny seaports the same pettiness and fraudulence as Gene does, and their friendly relationship is shattered suddenly. Not merely this peculiar friendly relationship, but the thought of friendship itself dissolves for Gene, and he feels he can swear no 1. Gene feels Finny is going cunning and oblique, doing his true feelings. Gene attends the Suicide Society meetings because he doesn T want Finny to detect how he is experiencing. Gene thinks he must hold been absolutely incorrect in his sentiment of Finny and decides Finny is much better so him on the interior. Gene climbs the tree wholly stunned by his disclosure and feels that nil affairs at all. He jounces the limb while under his ain daze and apprehension of their relationship. Not cognizing what he has fallen into. When Gene comes to the realisation as to what had happened, he is overwhelmed with guilt. Gene wonders what Finny would make in his state of affairs and decides he would squeal everything. Gene feels that clip is suspended with the stopping point of the Summer Session. He feels detached and uninterested at place. Gene thinks for a minute that Finny s choler at his confession reveals something true about him and helps him cognize himself better, but Finny disagrees. Finny refuses to believe Gene s confession and his refusal makes Gene get down to doubt his narrative himself. The subject pervades in this subdivision of the secret plan, because Finny seems older and more mature when Gene comes to see him at place. Finny besides seems to hold been changed from his former athletic ego to an invalid. The whole novel portrays a subject of transmutation. The transmutation I explained here is the transmutation from friends to enemies, returning to a newfound friendly relationship. And yet still the line of friendly relationship to hatred remains ill-defined.

PEN IS MIGHTER THEN SWORD essays

PEN IS MIGHTER THEN SWORD essays There is one thing that is not taught in any school of journalism and yet, is a subject of vital concern. And that is a certain sensitivity towards the feelings of those who are written about. A reporting career comes with the ability to make or break that of others. Unlike sundry other jobs which revolve around machines or files or travel, journalists are constantly dealing with people and issues (which too touch lives). We hear, we take notes, we click pictures. But do we listen? The power to think, the power to speak, and the power to write have emerged as the 3 electrifying mantras for the managers of the new millennium. So gripped are they by the need to verbalize their ideas, experiences, and understanding that they do not mind spending extra hours and money in different communication workshops, classes and seminars. They are absolutely riveted by the sheer power of words. Its as though their survival, in a fiercely competitive world, has come to depend on their virtuosity in handling their communication ability through the correct use of verbal skills. Cervantes may have penned his pithy saying in a different set of conditions during the late 16th century Spain. But the veracity of his powerful sentence seems to have acquired a dimension of real importance today. Oral and written expression, two skills that a modern manager needs to possess, so as to be fully effective, can be improved by proper training. And for this, the new entrants to SIMSREE must begin to revise their skills from day one. They should be prepared to unlearn, learn and relearn in classroom and get tested for their knowledge and skills. Communicating in an organization is not an easy task to accomplish. Several factors influence it. The manner of delivering ones ideas is the communicators forte. Managers are expected to speak before groups of varied size, customize their written skills, and engage them ...

Magnesium Oxide Lab Report Essays

Magnesium Oxide Lab Report Essays Magnesium Oxide Lab Report Paper Magnesium Oxide Lab Report Paper The duration of this experiment it is a must to wear safety glasses and lab coat at all times during the lab, even when not working directly with the chemicals r apparatus. 2. Do not touch the apparatus, during the experiment it may still be which further can lead to burns. 3. Be careful around the Bunsen burner, even when switched off they may still be hot! 4. Do not inhale the magnesium ribbon. 5. Do not touch the magnesium ribbon. 6. Always wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling any chemicals. Procedure: 1 . Record the mass of a clean, dry crucible with its lid. Handle the crucible with tongs, not your fingers, to avoid moisture and oil from your fingers being transferred. ) 2. Use fine sand paper to scrape the oxide coating from the surface f a strip of magnesium ribbon approximately 2 CM length. Cut the ribbon into small pieces, place in the crucible, and weigh the crucible, its lid and contents. 3. Heat the crucible in a hot flame for 10 minutes, ensuring that th e magnesium is exposed to air but that no solid escapes. After this time the magnesium should have been converted too white powder. 4. On the electronic balance there maybe leftover substance or tiny materials accounting for total weight of the crucible with magnesium ribbon inside the crucible, with the lid on it Qualitative Observations: Magnesium Qualitative Observations (Not the actual photos of the experiment) Before Heating During Heating After Heating Color Metallic Orange Flame White Light **at different duration of the experiment** White Powder Appearance Shiny thin sheet of ribbon, with an dark grey line in the middle. The magnesium ribbon starts to transform from a shiny metallic color to a white color. Cracks are observed in the white magnesium powder. Data Processing Presentation: Processed Data table The mass of magnesium is deduced by subtracting the mass of the crucible and the lid from the mass of the crucible and the lid with magnesium in the crucible before the heating process. Average of mass of magnesium: Crucible + Lid + Magnesium) ? (Crucible + Lid) Average of mass of magnesium 0. 036Â ± 0. Egg The mass of oxygen is deduced by subtracting before heating total mass of the crucible and the lid with magnesium in the crucible from the after heating process total mass of the crucible and the lid magnesium in the crucible before the heating process. Average of mass of magnesium = 0. 02 grams Conclusion Evaluation: Conclusion: Evaluation: = 00000 x 100 Random error is an error in measurement caused by factors that vary from one measurement to another. When the crucible was weighed with the lid and with r without the substances, we should of kept the same person weigh to keep a constant circumstance and methods used during the experiment and the electronic balancer should be kept the same, to reduce any random error by changing the electronic balancer. Repeat measurements during experiments, to reduce random error enough to get a normal distribution. Mean values will be close to the actual value, which helps reduce random error. Systematic error is where something has gone wrong with the measuring device or method. To reduce systematic error we should apply the correct methods and be thorough tit the procedure for the experiment, be aware requirements of the lab and take precaution during the lab with methods applied during the experiment. To determine systematic error it most obvious in a graph within outlier in the graph. Outlier represents the systematic error. In this case if I were to determine a systematic error during the lab I would consider making a graph which would represent the data collected during the experiment. I should keep these systematic and random errors in my mind when conducting my next experiment to stop these errors to occur again in the experiment.

Ocean Liner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Ocean Liner - Essay Example The Vice President of Finance for Ocean Carriers has received an attractive proposal from a prospective customer who wants to lease a ship for the period of three years from the company. The customer, his offer and contract terms are all feasible, but the problem is that the company does not have any ship available at that time to meet the customer’s unique needs. Therefore, the company needs to urgently purchase a new ship so as to fulfill the customer’s request on time, or on the contrary reject the customer’s proposal. The problem underlying the case is not merely concerning the acceptance or rejection of the lease proposal by the customer. As the company cannot meet the customer’s demand simply with any of the available ships, it either needs to purchase a new ship matching the customer’s needs or to reject the proposal altogether. This does not concern the company with a single moment of thought regarding a new investment. The problem basically lies in investigating and analyzing the attractiveness of the customer offer against the investment that the company needs to make in this project. The crux of the issue is whether or not the company should purchase the new ship, which is necessary if Ocean Carrier wants to accept the proposal of this customer; otherwise the company will have to forego the attractive return offered. Secondly, the customer is willing to contract the ship for a period of three years, while the life of the ship would be 25 years. However as per the company’s policy, it utilizes a ship for no more than 15 years of its operations. Therefore, the investment in this new ship exclusively for this customer’s request needs to be analyzed in the perspective if the market environment is feasible for the purchase of new ship and that the ship can be used to generate returns for the company

Reform Proposals & the Ideal Legislature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reform Proposals & the Ideal Legislature - Essay Example Attempts at radical reforms, however, have so far been futile. For example, the slow pace of policymaking and legislation has so far remained. According to Robert Harrison (2004), Congress is a constant and neutral marketplace in which contending parties negotiated terms and contracts that shape America as a state. (9) Its plurality and the norms within it becomes an open entry for gridlock and partisan legislation. Specifically, the political parties in Congress retained a pronounced tendency to stick together even when confronted by the new issues of progressive reform. In contrast to the executive department who could make immediate decision or policy stand, the Congress must undergo a process of conflict, consensus and indecisiveness that slows down any effort of reform. The legislative leadership is very important in getting the job done in Congress essentially because it controls the legislative agenda especially in cases where the leaders’ party has the comfortable lead in numbers. For instance, the leadership can appoint leaders to various legislative committees and hence control their historic roles of refining legislation. For example, according to Gary Cox and Matthew McCubbins (2007): Complex logrolls that require a sequence of legislative enactments on the floor are†¦ dependent of the goodwill of the majority leadership. At a minimum, the leadership must agree to schedule all the pieces of the legislative bargain. Otherwise, whoever goes first (votes first, reports out a bill first, etc.) has no guarantee that the other side will be given the opportunity to uphold its end of the bargain. (228) Needless to say, an active Congressional leadership is pivotal in substantive legislation. Leaders of the Congress will have few problems if they belong to the party that has the majority. Party discipline can ensure the smooth proceedings and passage of laws because the party organization will dominate the legislative activity. However, the

Employment Business Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Employment Business Law - Coursework Example Firstly, eliminating redundancy amongst individuals and departments increases the overall productivity per employee (Lewis, 2014). As a result, employees’ full potential is fully exploited in order increase output. To achieve this, maximum supervision is fundamental. Secondly, employers should encourage sharing of work amongst employees to finish tasks in a timely manner. Thirdly, automating departments and outsourcing minor tasks would reduce the available work and save money that would be paid as overtime to employees (Lewis, 2014). Several measures can be adopted to structure the above arrangements. Firstly, appointment of supervisors helps in ensuring that employees work to their optimal level. Secondly, sharing work amongst employees is achievable through exchange programs amongst the workers and training the employees on different fields. Office automation involves the increased use of machines to simplify work. As a result, more machines should be purchased. It is important that all employees be covered under the 401(k) plan. The plan is a profit-sharing plan through which employees contribute a certain amount of their wages to individual accounts. In addition, it acts as a retirement benefit plan. As a result, all employees should be enrolled as long as they serve the business. The plan is dependent on performance and age difference. For instance, aged employees should be encouraged to be part of the plan since their service period to the business is relatively less. In addition, young employees should be incorporated in the plan since they ought to serve their employers for long a time. The situation leads to accrual of more individual benefits in the

Policy Memo to an elected state or federal offical Assignment

Policy Memo to an elected state or federal offical - Assignment Example Nurses form the largest group or component of the health care work force and are the front-liners and first responders in most medical cases. As such, they are often in the best position to advise on how to further improve the delivery of health care services and enhance patient safety. All of these desired changes can be achieved if an appropriate law is passed allowing nurses to practice to the full extent of their education and training, similar to the way physicians services today are covered under Medicare. This was one of the four recommendations made by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in its 2011 report that is entitled â€Å"The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health† and in particular that of Recommendation No. 2 (Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforts) requires legislative support to amend certain state laws and provisions in this regard. Reforms in the health care system under Obamacare likewise mandate thi s change. Background – the recent passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare in 2010 was to initiate comprehensive reforms in the American health care system to provide safer, higher-quality, more affordable, and easier accessibility health care services to increasing diverse populations of America with its changing demographics towards more elderly citizens. Intention of these reforms is to provide wellness and disease prevention programs that will enhance overall health outcomes and at the same time provide for compassionate health care across the entire life span of an individual patient by improving the quality of life (Institute of Medicine, 2011). The ACA is expected to bring into the formal health care system an additional 32 million Americans (ibid.) which will further put pressure on the resources of the present health care system to

Business case for Franchise of McDonalds

Business case for Franchise of McDonalds This business case is mainly designed for planning about the franchise of Mc Donald Company while this company has been franchise from 1955 and the franchise of this company brings the success in many times. Mc Donald considers franchise is one of the predominant ways of doing business. At present, the Mc Donalds franchise is one of the greatest food service retailers which have 30,000 restaurants placed in more than 100 countries. For purchasing Mc Donalds franchise I have to purchase existing restaurant of franchise. By purchasing this, I can save 15% of the cost because initially I have to come up with 25% costs for existing one where new one purchasing cost will be 40% that means the profit of 15% can be gained. Mc Donald never provides the financial support for franchise and fund must be gained from the non-borrowed personal source. And the statistical figure might be come up to about $3, 00,000. The key objectives of taking the plan of Mc Donald franchise to achieve profitability. Because the brand image of Mc Donald is already existed in market and it is more recognized. So, I can expand the market easily and profit can be achieved. Business opportunity: There is the opportunity to operate own individual or more than one store. For this reason, I choose the place for establish the franchise of Mc Donald i.e. in Ilford station. Near to this station, any branch of Mc Donald is not placed. Not only this, there is the potentiality of huge customers and highest profitability because the product or menu of Mc Donald are already recognized to the whole world. Benefits: For Mc Donald franchise, there is no need to think about new menu and the cooking employees are already extremely efficient and used with all tasks. In Mc Donald franchise, risk is reduced to set up my own business where division of labour and turnover intensity of fixed menu grants for appropriate economies of scale. Another benefit is that any new products are no need to develop and dont require to conduct any kinds of market analysis. And also no need to think about brand name or image. Costs: The franchise cost of Mc Donald might be  £3, 00,000 where I have to provide 25% of the worth which is considered as unencumbered finance and the rest 75% will be collected from the bank as a loan in order to favourable funding terms. Another cost is one-off franchise fee of  £30, 000 and franchiser training program fee is  £5, 000 which is returned after finishing the training program. Miscellaneous cost: rent which will be paid monthly on premises related to profitability and sales will 12%. A fee will be paid for use of the Mc Donald system-5% of sales. National marketing expenses contribution-4.5% of sales. Returns: in a year, a cash flow will be made where the cash inflow and outflow will about  £70, 000 to  £98,000 per year. But this statement will not certain because it will be made before debt repayment. The return can be more. The return on investment will currently about 10% which shows the profitability rate of this business. Implementation plan: Paid initial franchise fee: 26th March 2010 Franchiser training program: 27th March 2010 (start) Go down payment to Mc Donald: 28th March, 2010. Service providing will be started from 1st April, 2010. Task 2: 1.2 Literature review: The report is mainly done on the business plan of Mc Donald franchise. I take the business plan of franchise of Mc Donald, because of several reasons. Todays business world are very much competitive and its become tougher and tougher for successful in the business market. If a person want to start his business as an entrepreneur it may be impossible to become profitable in the business market. Because establishing the new business or enter the market as a new, it is quite impossible to set up his business or become successful. But if we take the plan of establishing the business as a franchiser then it will be easy to achieve profitability in our business. Because, in franchise business, a recognized brand is already existed and all thing are readymade in before. Just spend some money to buy it and start the business. Franchising can be defined as the exercise of using another companys brand image and their successful business model. Through this kind of business, we can avoid investment and liability over a chain. The key factors of adopting franchise the business are that we can get the business with a good track record of profitability and that business is easily imitated. Here, for making business plan, I adopt the Mc Donald franchise because I want to be my own boss in my business, can trade a well established and high quality of product, continuous support, benefits from national marketing carried out by Mc Donald and they receive excess to business forecast information. The best example of franchising is the brand franchising of Mc Donald. Mc Donald allows peoples to establish their own business as Mc Donald franchiser and grant the rights to set up their business. Under the Mc Donald franchise, the franchisee purchases the equipments, fittings and the permission to run the franchise for 20 years. All franchisees of Mc Donald use standardized branding, menus, design layouts and administrative systems of Mc Donald. The Mc Donald franchisees also use the same standards and operating methods or manufacturing and maintain the quality of products. Any company, when they bring new products or service in the market they have to consider about the customer demand and their choice. They have a huge number of options of spending their money and places to spend it. However, McDonalds places considerable importance on the improvement of their menu in order to customer need. For this reason a market survey are conducted for analysing the customer demand. Thus, customers demands change time to time. Therefore, Care is not only taken to impact negatively the sales of the option of one by recognizing the new option, which will cannibalise sales from the old one (trade off). McDonalds knows that items on its menu will vary in popularity. Action of marketing undertaken and the resources invested will be different depending on the stage a product as reached. For example, a new product launch will typically relate to television and other advertising support. In any time a company will have a products portfolio, where each in a different stage of its cycle. It is accepted that Big Mac are now in the stage of maturity where the options Mc Donald are increasing towards the popularity. Task 3: Information about market Mc Donald is recognized as the one of the best known brands around the whole world. Branding is the term which formulated an image of an organization, service or product. The image of the brand focuses on the customers view on the organization. Brand image is mainly used while an organization shows their loyalty towards their customer through their products or services. A brand can be recognized by marketing communication methods such as: promotion and advertising which is used for developing the designs, colours and images. Similarly, Mc Donald is popular by its most familiar logo- the Golden Arches. The brand image is a significant factor for franchising. Because without strong brand image, it is impossible to become successful in franchising business. Mc Donald faces competition from other forms of businesses in all its market. In addition, there are some factors such as: economic, legal and technological changes and social factors and many other ingredients may affect the success of Mc Donald. Mc Donald franchising marketing consists of identifying the needs and requirements of customers and tries to meet theses demand in a better way than its competitors and by this the company can get loyal customers. Mc Donald has some competitors which are Burger King, KFC, Subway, Star Bucks etc. But among them Burger King is the main competitor. And in my new Mc Donald franchising place, these entire competitors branch are existed. If we focus on Mc Donald and Burger King then we can see the first difference between these two is that the Big Mac and the Whopper. But both are concentrating on customer health and taste. Mc Donald creates the achievement place for children. From this sector, Mc Donald earns a get percentage of their profits. And it is seen that children are requested to their parents to take them to Mc Donald, while Burger King doesnt give any response to this. They are used to have a sad kids clubs with B-grade promotion, where Mc Donald shows promotional activities through the childrens hit such as: Mattel, Disney and Barbie. Another strategic difference between these two is adult advertising. Mc Donald mainly advertises their salads shows to pacify the mothers who bring their kids in the sign of Golden Arched restaurant where Burger King uses other promotional strategy that is the advertisement of Stacker Sandwich which is made with the layer of cheese and meats which is stacking up to four burgers high. Sub way provides 265 calories in its meal, while Mc Donald provides a gluttonous 1230 calories. Mc Donald promotes the healthy side of foods by providing salad and water; they are still promoting the Big Mac and Pounder, that doesnt really help the matter. On other hand, Subway promotes the fresh salad and 5 a day veg. Subway provides either sub with a cookie, crips and/ or drink. Where, Mc Donald provides small chips, medium chips, and large chips, drink and a salad which probably is not much healthier than the chips. Mc Donald which is treated as a fast food company also gets competition from Star Bucks. Though Mc Donald has the strong marketing growth in fast food business, but the intention of doing competition against Star Bucks carries some risk. It can shown from the research analysis that Mc Donald restaurant has the slow down services where the Star Bucks serves the customer speedy services. But on the other hand, because of slower marketing growth, Star Bucks stock has lost about half its value since last January. Chances of success: In case of Mc Donald franchising, I have to meet so many competitors like as: Burger king, Starbucks, Subway etc and may be there create tough competition in the fast food market. But as a Mc Donald franchisee, I can say that there is the possibility of huge success and can be got reasonable returns from this business because Mc Donald is already market recognized brands and it also famous for its healthy foods which bring child, young people in the Mc Donald store. Mc Donald franchise business is one that can be beneficial for both franchisor and franchisee. So, while the Mc Donald franchisor is benefited through the brand becoming more and more visible and gets franchise fees from the franchisee, the franchisee that is me, take advantage of working with recognized brand, on there chances of success will be more. Assignment 2: Task 1: Project resources: Mc Donald is mainly recognized for its delicious burgers and milk shakes. In annual, Mc Donald plan to continue expansion. It is considered as a more suitable place for franchising to own. For becoming successful in Mc Donald franchising, I have to take care about franchising business requirement that is its required resources such as: financial resources, human resources, business experience, ongoing fees, training, raw materials, considerations, growth, and equipment etc. These resources are described below: Financial resources: Mc Donald franchising headquarters fixed the financial franchise requirement which should be minimum $ 3, 00,000 of non- borrowed personal resources. It is also said that since the cost of each restaurant does vary, the fee of franchise would also different, but the 3, 00,000 is a standard requirement. Among this requirement, 25% is coming from the franchisee and 75% is coming from bank loan. Human resources: Mc Donald often wants to recruit high experienced people for joining its bandwagon. As a Mc Donald franchiser, I have huge business opportunities but for using these opportunities I need the high skilled and experienced people who are the efficient on managing or owning business units, low level workers who have the experience of serve the customer and also dealing with the customer. Store equipment: In case of Mc Donald franchising, franchisor has to be made a contract with Mc Donald for 20 years. And this contract indicates that building ownership consists the property used for example: equipments of kitchen, seats, decorator, fittings are all possessed by McDonalds and are carried on lease by the franchisee. So, there is no need to spend money on purchasing these equipments because these equipments are already provided by Mc Donald. Budgeting of Mc Donald Franchising Financial Requirements: Liquid assets: N/A Net worth: N/A Franchisee fee:  £ 30,000 Required owner capital: 75,000 (25%) Bank loan: 2, 25,000 (75%) Total investment: 3, 00, 000 Budgeting: Total investment: 3, 00,000 Franchise fee: 30,000 Training: 5,000 Rent: 72,000 Service fee: 30,000 Contribution to national Marketing spend 27,000 _________________________________________ Total cost:  £ 4, 64,000 Total sales per day: number of customer ÃÆ'- per day selling = 200ÃÆ'- 100 =  £20,000 Monthly sales=  £20,000ÃÆ'-30 =  £ 6, 00, 000 N.B: 5 of the 10 people average 50 sales a day, thats over 200 sales per day. If it converted into Pound it would be around  £20,000 in sales per day and  £ 6, 00,000. Here, rent is 12% of sales Service fee is 5% of sales Contribution to national marketing spend is 4.5% of sales. So, profit= total sales total cost =  £ 6, 00, 000- 4, 64, 000 =  £ 1, 36, 000 Task 2: Staff cost: Staff training and development: As a franchisee, I take the existing store of Mc Donald which is placed on Ill ford. So, there is need to train myself as a franchisee and for this purpose Mc Donald provides training to franchisee for being able to run the business efficiently. For becoming a franchisee, every franchisee has to complete a full time training program for which franchisee pays money to Mc Donald after completing the training program this money is refunded to franchisee. This program is lasting for nine months. It is very much important for a franchisee to start work with Mc Donald, wearing the staff uniform and learning all things from cooking and making food to serving customers and also learn cleaning. Training is held on regional training centre focuses on areas such as: leadership skill, team building, business management and handling customer enquiries. The franchisees will have to recruit, train and motivate their work force, so they must learn the skill of human resource management. At the end of the training program, they learn about stock control and ordering, profit and loss accounts and the legal side of hiring, and recruiting staff. As a result, no franchisee of Mc Donald would have to ask a member of his or her staff to do something that they couldnt do themselves. Knowing this can also be powerful motivator of the staff. Mc Donald is not only providing the training to it franchisee, it shows that the success and profitability of Mc Donald mostly connected to the success of the franchisee. An experienced and high skill full professional consultant team offers continuous support on all things from human resources to accounting and IT business controls. These field consultants may become valued partners of business and are a sounding board for ideas. In case of Mc Donald franchising, here for running business, I take the existing store of Mc Donald and in accordance to Mc Donald franchising business, in existing business there is no need to recruiting, selecting and hiring and train the employee. Because the old one store, there is already all staffs are recruited and trained. And these staffs are highly skill full for doing all types of restaurant jobs such as: customer service, cleaning and managing the store also. Because, Mc Donald, whenever recruit staff on its store they at first give 3 or 4 days training to new recruited person so that he will be able to do his work effectively and efficiently and he doesnt face any difficulty in sensitive work that is servicing the customer. Cost of staff training and development: I already mention that in case of old one store there is no need to recruit, hire, select and train the staff because on that store all things are available in readymade. Not only staff, equipment and store are also placed in right position. And there is the huge possibilities of achieving profit because the cost is only occurred from rent, service fee, franchisee training fee, contribution to national marketing spend. And franchisee training cost is: 5,000 and it is also refundable. Task 3: Sources of resources: Financial resources: An initial investment that is 40% of the total cost in case of a new restaurant and 25% for existing restaurant is needed to be paid to the company where rest of the money being paid in at least 7 years. In order to down payment, there also have to meet some specification. Mc Donald franchising financial resources are coming from non- borrowed and personal resources. It may be including of bonds, securities and debentures; cash in hand; real estate or business equity. In case of financing, Mc Donald doesnt provide any financial support though there is the possibility of getting the benefits of achieve loans at lower rates. In the time of franchise, Mc Donald has to be paid monthly rent and service fees. Source of financial resources: Obtaining finance for a new business is very difficult rather than obtaining funds for a franchising business. The key factors for easily getting funds for franchising business is previous track record of franchise business. Because brand and trademark is already established, therefore Mc Donald franchise is considered a lower risk investment. Franchise Bank Loan: A franchisee can get loan from commercial bank where this type of bank offer loan to franchise business with lower defaulter rate. In fact, most of the franchising industries expand by taking loan from commercial bank at an average rate of 10 to 12 percent per year. Mc Donald franchising is also expanding by taking loan. Here, as a Mc Donald franchisee I also take the loan from commercial bank. If a potential franchisor has enough capital and they think that they have the skill of operate the business successfully, franchisors will naturally assists with financing in any way that they can. Here, in franchising market, there is also seen that some of the franchisor provide loan application packages for helping the franchisee. A good number of franchisors offer financial help to the franchisee either by financing all or part of the franchisee themselves or by helping them in locating another lender. Other financial resources: I can also get financial help from limited partnership, taking loans from friends and family, and second mortgages on existing properties. In end, whatever means a franchisee motivates in financing their franchising, it is necessary to remember that they will need to pertain in making a detailed plan about a new business for showing to prospective lenders how the business will be run. Human resource: After considering about financial resources, I have to think about human resources that are about hiring, selecting and training employees. Without employees, a business operation cant run. Here, Mc Donald offer a limited scope for employee advancement to the level of management which may attract a few motivated persons, most of our work force will be young, inexperienced and just learning about job responsibility. High employee turnover must be expected as employees graduate from high school or college or move on to other work. Good management techniques can make a difference in keeping longer term persuade staff and present continuously. Assignment 3: Task 1: Implementation of the project: Before implanting my project that is Mc Donald franchising in Ill ford, there should be describe about leadership and motivation that is how Mc Donald leads and motivate employees to do their jobs. Leading and motivating employees on Mc Donald: Employees are considered as the most significant resources in Mc Donald. Basically, Mc Donald Company uses three different motivational techniques such as: financial encouragement, non- financial encouragement and social policy. These three factors are mainly described in Maslows hierarchy theory. According to this theory, all kinds of needs must fulfill one after another. The strategy and structure of Mc Donald Company represents that only the simultaneous fulfillment of employees needs will be enhanced an employees performance. In brief, for enhancing employees performance and companys productivity, Mc Donald uses effective motivational system. In order to present situation, Mc Donald administration staff use situational approach. On the basis of motivation theories, Mc Donalds administrators have used particular motivational techniques. Having using the procedure of assembly line in food preparation, Mc Donald has assures the standard of quality and high performance. Basically, ma nagers of different stores use different leadership management technique. But in Mc Donald store, every manager use their own management techniques, some managers are stiff and some are easy. And some use the both the hard and soft techniques of management. In fact, there is the mixture of lay back (laissez- faire) and autocratic styles leadership. Mc Donalds has achieved the status of one of the most recognizable franchises across the globe through a mixture of successful marketing, consistent service and product, and strong leadership. Mc Donald mainly uses the goal oriented and task-focused leadership styles that still exists in the corporation today. Project implementation: List of activities: Assess financial requirements. Meet the experience requirement as a franchisee. Fill up the franchise application form. Pay initial franchise fees and other fees. Make 20 years agreement with Mc Donald. Start the business. These activities are now shown on the critical path analysis: Task completion time Assess financial requirement 25.03.2010 Meet franchise experience requirement 28.03.2010 Fill up franchise application form 30.03.2010 Pay initial franchise fees 04.04.2010 Make 20 years agreement 10.04.2010 Start the business 15.04.2010 3 2 5 5 44 6 Task 2: Marketing strategy: Strategic groups: For becoming successful in Mc Donald franchising, there are some key factors which I have to consider. These key success factors are described below: Price: People can get the facility of food started from breakfast to meal in the price sector. Whenever any person feeds his family to Mc Donald, he first thinks about its cheap price with delicious and healthy items. In case Mc Donald franchising, it should be considered by a franchisor about its competitive price advantage. Quality: Mc Donald is one of the greatest food retailers that has reached new peaks at what can be achieved out of a global business market. The burger and French fries of Mc Donald are prepare to look, taste and smell very similar across the globe, despite all the variations in environmental differences. And in Mc Donald franchising, standardization of quality is also important. Location: Location is very important factor for set up the franchising the business. For selecting the location, any franchisor should have to consider its competitor, its marketing environment and consumer forms. For that reason, as a Mc Donald franchisee, I choose place of Ill ford, where the store of Mc Donald are already established and its marketing also going good. Opening hours: Generally, stores opening hour is very necessary for set up a business. But it depends on different stores and different place. Numbers of Mc Donald franchisee stores are 198 and these stores have different opening time and end time. In my Mc Donald stores, the opening time is 8 am. I think this opening time is better because it is the right time of taking the breakfast and on that more customers can come to the restaurant. In case of considering strategic group, Mc Donald is now in group 2 i.e. the main market food retailers- compete on price, offer better ranges and better customer services. Selected marketing strategy: There are several strategies such as: Strategy 1: all unnecessary attributes are removed, leading to lower costs Strategy 2: offer a range of products but change a lower price. Strategy 3: hybrid strategies; combination of differentiation and price based strategy. Strategy 4: the product must be differentiated in a significant way that buyers are prepared to pay extra. Among these strategies, I take the strategy 3 that is hybrid strategy. This strategy is already used in my Mc Donald store and this strategy includes: Successful use of price or differentiation strategy can lead to opportunities to develop other strategy. Superior cost advantage of Mc Donald, which generates profit that are invested in differentiation without destroying the cost advantage. Differentiation may lead to high sales volume, economies of scale, and lower cost. But in Mc Donald, differentiation leads to lower cost. Implementation of marketing strategy: Marketing strategy is basically planned by considering the basis of competition and the standard of quality. Different marketers such as: niche, leader and followers select and implement different strategies in different ways. As a market leader, Mc Donald may choose to consolidate their position in a number of ways to help them achieve competitive advantage. They may: Exploit their superior cost structure. Raise barriers through marketing expenditure, blocking access to distribution channels. Buy competitors and close down their capacity. Among these ways, Mc Donald use the first one that is exploit their superior cost structure. Marketing mix: Product; While providing the option of new menu item, the most necessary thing is to consider that the customer also have more option to choice their demanded product. Generally, they have a lots of options of their money spending and also spending place. However, McDonalds places considerable importance on developing a menu which customers want. Market research establishes exactly what this is. However, customers demands change time to time. The products which are now interesting, fashionable and attractive in present may be through away in future. Marketing continuously consider customers demand. For meeting these changes, McDonalds should bring new menu items and leave out old ones, and will continue to do so. Price Value of customers perception is an important factors of the price charged. What a product is worth customers draw the picture of product on their mind. A product is a physical item and it has psychological connotations for the customer. There are some difficulties of using products low price as a marketing tool is that the customer may feel that a low price is symptom of compromised quality. It is very much important when deciding on the price to be fully aware of the brand and its integrity Promotions It includes marketing communication such as advertising which is conducted on TV, radio, in cinema, online, using poster sites and in the press. Other promotional sectors are sales promotions, point of sale display, merchandising, direct mail, telemarketing, exhibitions, seminars, loyalty schemes, door drops, demonstrations, etc. Marketing communications skill is to develop a campaign which applies several of these methods in a way that provides the most effective results. Place: The most important element of the marketing mix i.e. price is not just about the physical location or distribution points for products. Price gives emphasis on the management of a range of processes involved in bringing products to the end consumer. Task 3: Monitoring controlling: Majority of the chain of franchising are controlling under both the outlet of company- owned and franchised. In previous, a manager was ran the business and in return he got the salary when the chain is the remainder of the profit. After the time change, franchisee keeps the profit after paying the applicable fees to the chain. Thus, when product is decentralized, then franchisee give incentives as a high amount which are very much significant for a large organization. As a franchisee, I have to monitor my franchise business because whether it is new or existing one business, every business should monitor by its owner, whether it is run properly or not, whether it gains profit or not, or whether it can satisfy the customer expectation or not. There also has the reason for monitoring the business. Such as: I have to see whether my business is going according to my plan or not also have to detect and react appropriately to deviations and changes to plans. As an owner of Mc Donald franchising, I have to monitor only its quality and its money. Because, other significant things such as: human resources, machines, materials, space, time, task etc. after monitoring these things, the output such as: progress, costs, job starts, completion, engineering or design changes and variance order also have to monitor. But in case of Mc Donald franchising, there is no need to monitoring the human resources or machines or materials these things. Because, in case of existing store franchising, there all ready all resources and material are ready. For my franchising business, I can visit the store from my head office on logically basis that means on the basis of specific reason. Monitoring technique: There are several techniques through which I can monitor and control the franchising business and these techniques are: Through meetings with clients, parties involved in project (contractor, supplier etc.) For schedule -update CPA, PERT charts, update Gantt chart. Using earned value analysis. Calculate critical ratios. Milestones. Tests and inspections.