Top Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology Choices

Top Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology Choices Understanding Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology Making a list of the benefits and disadvantages is the ideal beginning to writing an advantages and disadvantages essay about inflation. Other folks argue that it's more difficult and dangerous. Use certain reasons and examples to back up your answer. Do everything you can to maintain your tone throughout the essay instead of just at the beginning when you might truly feel a burst of creativity. Take notes using index cards so you are able to keep everything organized. The body should incorporate all the points you wish to cover to explain or confirm your topic sentence. Deciding on a superb topic makes it simpler to write since there's a need to decide on the reach of the topic that's neither too narrow nor too wide. Experts claim that there's a means to tell whether a kid will get a criminal from a young age. Plastic surgery can create an ugly woman a stunning lady. The matter of athletic fitness ought to be dealt which much more strictness. The social issues associated with sports ought to be the obligation of the sports management and not players. Learning materials As people study, the appropriate collection of articles dramatically boosts the practice. There are lots of formats of write up and you have to understa nd the fundamental differences about them so you can write whatever you are requested to write. Nonetheless, if you'd like to understand how to compose a scientific paper in a thriving fashion, consider these tips. Delivering a paper which is full of mistakes can influence your total performance in a negative way. Development, while it is human development or country development, is linked to the suitable rise and maturation of the technology in a lot of ways. Each client is every bit as significant to us, regardless of the degree of student paper they want or the sum of money one has paid for the services. You should be quite diligent in your approach so you can find with a very good work. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Development of the science and technology depends upon the analysis and appropriate comprehension of facts. If you should prepare a research paper and select a topic for Earth science, you've got many of great options to select from. Topic selection is an absolutely free service for our clients. You ought to use technology to deal with your works not to get hooked on it. Otherwise, there are a number of resources out there to assist you in making your pick. Or the discussion might concentrate on one specific group (like millennials) and the way in which they affect the economy. Likewise quick way of communication have brought the peoples of earth together. What You Can Do About Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology Beginning in the Next 15 Minutes Its function in relationship to the maturation of the web is also explored. Be aware the following as you make an account and start completing an application. Data Security It is principally dependent on the misuse of te chnology. Internet Censorship A debatable topic dependent on the information flow over the net. You will undoubtedly delight in the experience. You cannot allow your grades suffer just because of a couple challenges. Due to the quantity of pressure, a few of the students are under they get too nervous and they're not able to submit their work in time. In the present error where a growing number of students are opting to be in the discipline of science, it's inevitable they will write an essay. The New Angle On Essay Topics Related to Science and Technology Just Released Also, you must know and understand that science essays are more or less different from several other varieties of essays. Social science essays offer you an opportunity to present your opinion and speak up. As you have observed, different kinds of essay topics have various techniques to approach them, and in addition, they have their own benefits. If you use one of these topics you are going to be able to compose an excellent essay. Developing a criterion for the evaluation essay topic together with the effective judgment from the face of the author is the fundamental requirement of an evaluation essay. Moreover, a suitable Conclusion is demanded. Useful suggestions on topic definition can be located in Topic selection section. Arrange the body of your article in line with the essay structure you will utilize to direct you.

The Topics for Presentation for Students Cover Up

The Topics for Presentation for Students Cover Up Many spiritual and metaphysical teachings imply that the earth has a larger destiny and purpose that it was developed to fulfill. You are able to paraphrase the ideas you prefer and make them yours. How teachers spend their time when they're not teaching. Questionnaires may also be printed, which can be especially beneficial in case of terrible network. Because there are several diverse subjects, it may be quite tough for you to discover suitable topics for presentation assignments. The most important step to success is to explore what's trendy dependent on the subject you study and earn a list of all feasible ideas. Better do not speak on the points which you do not feel comfortable to speak about. Make bold statement both in print and the way you project your voice when presenting. A client is prepared to sit and listen to you which usually means you have passed the very first wave of credentials. Thinkabout the message you want to convey. Think of the vital message you want to get across. The most important use of humor is to convince the audience by means of your overview. It's freely available for anybody who owns a post mac 2013. You might be interested in one of the next ideas! A bit similar to the desktop version, which means that you are going to have a couple challenges. Some killer topics for the best speeches It can be a rather challenging job for students to think of an English speech topic. Most of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays too, therefore it is quite important to grab the eye of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. Following are a few of the suggested sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to choose a great topic for their assignment. How to discover funny speech topics in one day. Even the quantity of pictures is dependent upon the subject of your pick. In seven words, four are funny. Once you choose this issue, you've got to revolve around the key points of the speech. Before you start to write you need to discover aninteresting topic for your spoken word piece. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Topics for Presentation for Students The results will certainly wow the judges! There are a lot of methods you may use to determine how fast you're speaking. Perhaps you have failed many times. It's possible to discuss the problems and the way you could solve them. The Importance of Topics for Presentation for Students As lots of folks who've been in a similar position without any additional help from presentation skills training felt, an office presentation may be an unpredictable issue to handle much like how all of us perceive life. There's no need to inform you hobbies can be hugely varied and exciting. The other method to tell an up coming story is focusing on the negative facets and the effect of non-action. Presentation skills training and other personal programs are sometimes a huge aid in making people reach their complete potential. Business trainers and students often face the should choose one to present critical suggestions and solutions to unique problems facing their audience. Bear in mind that a successful presentation is a mix of interesting info and helpful visual aids. Proper Planning Prevents Poor Performance Overpreparation will help you become prepared for anything and supply you with the wisdom and confidence that you're able to handle whatever comes your way onstage. The Bad Side of Topics for Presentation for Students Actually, however great a speaker is, he or she will surely be feel anxious and nervous. It is going to be better in the event that you consider and understand your audience. To tell the truth, speech isn't a kid's play. Anyway, a firmly humorous speech intends to produce the audience laugh.

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1481 Words

Abortion has been around for many years. It is a very popular method to rid the woman’s body of an unborn child. Overtime the laws have changed drastically about abortion and women’s rights. Back in the 13th century abortion was considered homicide and was punishable by hanging. Later it became legal only if it was necessary to save a woman’s life. Eventually things got out of hand and abortion was banned completely, then slowly the laws came back into play after half a century (Rich and Wagner). Abortion for many people is considered okay as long as it is the woman’s choice, but other people think it is wrong and should be considered as murder to a human life. Although abortion is a very hot topic in today’s society is it really the best†¦show more content†¦They are normally involved in pro-choice organizations. Their mission is to try and educate women about abortion in a positive manner and make them feel secure about their decisions. T hey feel that it is the woman’s right to be able to choose what they feel is best. Between these two groups of people there are many contributing factors that make them feel and act the way they do. One of the contributing factors as to why people feel that abortion should be banned completely is their religious beliefs. Religion is a sufficient cause and is a very hot topic just like abortion. Different religions each have their own viewpoints on abortion. According to â€Å"Religious views on abortion† it states that early Christian traditions are against abortion because the Bible repeatedly refers to children before birth as very small/young children. As said in the Bible â€Å"children are a gift from the lord; they are a reward from him† (Psalm 127:3). Therefore children are a gift from God and they should be cherished. Also said in the bible is â€Å"you must not murder† (Exodus 20:13). Another religion, such as Catholics, is against abortion because they believe that life is very sacred. An unborn baby inside a mother’s womb has no voice and no power and is considered innocent. The pro-life believers feel that there are many other options out

Essay about Inter Generational Interview - 1439 Words

Intergenerational Interview Report â€Å"The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance.†- Alan Watts Throughout history; more specifically throughout different generations, we as human beings have been subject to a certain amount of change within our society. As time goes by change is almost inevitable among a nation. Change has occurred throughout history due to specific events that have a ripple effect upon individuals. Whether the change is a result of advancing technology, social climate, or foreign influence there is little chance of preventing the effect it will have on society. It is difficult to argue that we have not seen a paradigm shift in social attitudes from generation to†¦show more content†¦When asked about his sense of community during his childhood, my Grandfather spoke about how much his family and his neighbours relied on each other to survive and to keep each other in good spirits. They helped farm each others land and in the end would split what was harvested. It was not until doing further research that it became obvious to me just how important th e interdependence of this tight knit community was to their survival. Between 1943 and 1945 the Dutch people faced a horrible famine that killed nearly 30,000 Dutch civilians which is an astronomical number for a two years span. (Hitchcock, 98) Seeing as my Grandfather was so young at the time he was not able to remember much about his times during the war, so instead I conducted some research on what life might have been for a Dutch civilian during that time period. During the war time the Dutch government was completely ran by Nazis and as a result many rules were implemented that were of little benefit to the people of the country. For example men from ages 18-35 were forced to work in munitions factories and do field work, Dutch people were handed out â€Å"ration cards† that would limit the amount of food they could consume within the week. (Van der Zee, 3) Evidently this was a difficult time for the Dutch people so I decided to then change the topic of discussion an d ask my Grandfather about his teenage years. To kick off the discussion theShow MoreRelatedLetter Of Public Administration Online Learning Program1118 Words   |  5 PagesMy aunt was stuck in a viciously cycle of abuse with her husband. I witnessed my mother and father take care of my aunt’s three sons while she struggled to get her life back on track. It seems as if the passion of giving and serving others is a generational attribute, and it is incredible. I have had over 9 years of diverse work experience across legal, retail, public and private sectors. Being employed by both public and private sectors gave me the opportunity to showcase my strengths and use myRead MoreSocial Stratification Mobility Essay1797 Words   |  8 Pageswas of assessing mobility within a society is by intra-generational and inter-generational mobility as well in both an individual may achieve or loss social status. Intra-generational mobility is when a person starts at one point and ends up at the other during their life time. This can be explained by a person who takes a job as a register clerk at a fast food establishment only to become a franchise owner later in life. Inter-generational mobility can be described by the child of lawyer who isRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Management1286 Words   |  6 Pagesmix of both, that without these skills, managers are letting businesses down. 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Drug and Alcohol Abuse Essay Example For Students

Drug and Alcohol Abuse Essay In the book Understanding Drug Use, An Adults Guide to Drugs and the Young, by Peter Marin and Allan Cohen, you find that education in our youth today is vital. In a few short years, drug taking by younger people has become a fact of life in America, and for hundreds of thousands of families this fact poses a profound problem with wrenching social, legal, and psychological implications. Faced with an upsetting and unfamiliar experience when they discover that their children are experimenting with drugs or alcohol, parents search frantically for solutions-often coming up with the wrong ones, thereby intensifying an already sensitive situation. This book seems to have been written with the parent or mentor in mind. It focuses on realistic approaches to dealing with substance abuse, and attempts to help parents and others understand why some people put themselves in these types of situations. I believe another way to limit the manufacture of drugs is to make a college education easier to achieve, therefore making honest, lucrative careers more obtainable. The state of Missouri should lower the cost of tuition in its colleges and universities and raise the amount of state money in the areas of financial aid, grants and scholarships. While this measure will contribute to a loss of state money, I believe that it will also save money by keeping potential drug manufacturers out of the jail cells and in the classrooms. I believe that it is also important to prevent people, especially children and teenagers, from using drugs and alcohol. Many children and teenagers throughout Missouri experiment with drugs every day. Programs that are already in place for children, such as the Mo Says No and Take Hugs, Not Drugs campaigns are great, but I believe that these programs should continue to the junior high and high school levels because most drug use begins here, not in elementary. For junior high students, schools should hold voluntary drug testing (with the parents consent) every month and those who test negative could receive a pizza party, a dance or something of that nature. This will reward drug-free junior high students and will encourage other students, who might have tried drugs, to do likewise. For high school students, we should provide more scholarships like the Bar S scholarship. This scholarship is for students from all levels of school up until the senior year in high school who pledge to be drug free. Once in college, these students get drug-tested every semester and the scholarship is renewed every semester they are drug-free. This is by far the best solution I have seen to keep our youth off of drugs and there should be more scholarships like it. For those who are arrested for abusing drugs and/ or alcohol, there should be mandatory rehabilitation if the party involved is convicted. A jail term, fine and/ or community service should be mandated as well, but without rehabilitation, the person convicted will be more likely to continue abusing drugs and/ or alcohol. Drug and/ or alcohol addicts need to feel love and peer support despite their faults in order to make any progress on the road to rehabilitation. Often times, a jail sentence, fine and/ or community service alone causes only resentment and defiance among addicts. These individuals need to be around people who care for them and Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous provides these individuals with the support that they need. In order to fully understand drug and alcohol addiction, we must first comprehend the phases of addiction itself. According to a handout given to addicts at the Lester E. Cox Medical Center the first stage of addiction is called the pleasure stage. This stage includes peer pressure, curiosity, attraction, release of inhibitions and relaxation. American Poet Analysis Essay This is the stage in which usage is relatively harmless. It is in this stage that, ideally, addiction can be stopped in the easiest way possible; before it begins. The second stage of addiction is what is called the problem stage. This is the stage in which defiance, unplanned use, preoccupation, and rapid intake takes place. When .

Clinton Files Essay Research Paper TEXT 1 free essay sample

Clinton Files Essay, Research Paper TEXT 1 On Sunday, January 21, 1996, harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President had another sexual brush. Her clip of White House entry is non reflected in records. She left at 3:56 p.m. The President moved from the Residence to the Oval Office at 3:33 p.m. and remained there until 7:40 p.m. On that twenty-four hours, harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, she saw the President in a hallway by an lift, and he invited her to the Oval Office. Harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky: We had. . . had phone sex for the first clip the hebdomad prior, and I was experiencing a small spot insecure about whether he had liked it or didn # 8217 ; t like it. . . . I didn # 8217 ; tknow if this was kind of developing into some sort of a longer-term relationship than what I thought it ab initio might hold been, that possibly he had some regular girlfriend who was furloughed. . . . Harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, she questioned the President about his involvement in her. # 8220 ; I asked him why he doesn # 8217 ; t inquire me any inquiries about myself, and. . . is this merely about sex. . . or do you hold some involvement in seeking to acquire to cognize me as a individual? # 8221 ; The President laughed and said, harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, that # 8220 ; he cherishes the clip that he had with me. # 8221 ; She considered it # 8220 ; a small spot uneven # 8221 ; for him to talk of care foring their clip together # 8220 ; when I felt like he didn # 8217 ; t truly even cognize me yet. # 8221 ; They continued speaking as they went to the hallway by the survey. Then, with Ms. Lewinsky in mid-sentence, # 8220 ; he merely started snoging me. # 8221 ; He lifted her top and touched her chests with his custodies and oral cavity. Harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, the President # 8220 ; unzipped his bloomerss and kind of exposed himself, # 8221 ; and she performed unwritten sex. At one point during the brush, person entered the Oval Office. In Ms. Lewinsky # 8217 ; s remembrance, # 8220 ; The President zipped up existent rapidly and went out and came back in. . . . I merely retrieve laughing because he had walked out at that place and he was visibly aroused, and I merely thought it was funny. # 8221 ; A short clip subsequently, the President got word that his following assignment, a friend from Arkansas, had arrived. He took Ms. Lewinsky out through the Oval Office into Ms. Hernreich # 8217 ; s office, where he kissed her adieu. TEXT 2 On Sunday, February 4, harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President had their 6th sexual brush and their first lengthy and personal conversation. The President was in the Oval Office from 3:36 to 7:05 p.m. He had no telephone calls in the Oval Office before 4:45 p.m. Records do non demo Ms. Lewinsky # 8217 ; s entry or issue. Harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, the President telephoned her at her desk and they planned their rendezvous. At her suggestion, they bumped into each other in the hallway, # 8220 ; because when it happened by chance, that seemed to work truly good, # 8220 ; so walked together to the country of the private survey. There, harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, they kissed. She was have oning a long frock that buttoned from the cervix to the mortise joints. # 8220 ; And he unbuttoned my frock and he unhooked my bandeau, and kind of took the frock off my shoulders and. . . moved the bandeau. . . . He was looking at me and touching me and stating me how beautiful I was. # 8221 ; He touched her chests with his custodies and his oral cavity, and touched her genitalias, foremost through underwear and so straight. She performed unwritten sex on him. After their sexual brush, the President and Ms. Lewinsky sat and talked in the Oval Office for about 45 proceedingss. Ms. Lewinsky thought the President might be reacting to her suggestion during their old meeting about # 8220 ; seeking to acquire to cognize me. # 8221 ; It was during that conversation on February 4, harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, that their friendly relationship started to bloom. lt ;< p>When she prepared to go, harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, the President # 8220 ; kissed my arm and told me he # 8217 ; d name me, and so I said, yeah, good, what # 8217 ; s my phone figure? And so he recited both my place figure and my office figure off the top of his head. # 8221 ; The President called her at her desk subsequently that afternoon and said he had enjoyed their clip together. TEXT 3 We went back over by the bathroom in the hallway, and we kissed. We were caressing and he unbuttoned my frock and fondled my chests with my bandeau on, and so took them out of my bandeau and was snoging them and touching them with his custodies and with his oral cavity. And so I think I was touching him in his venereal country through his bloomerss, and I think I unbuttoned his shirt and was snoging his thorax. And so. . . I wanted to execute unwritten sex on him. . . and so I did. And so. . . I think he heard something, or he heard person in the office. So, we moved into the bathroom. And I continued to execute unwritten sex and so he pushed me off, sort of as he ever did before he came, and so I stood up and I said. . . I care about you so much ; . . . I don # 8217 ; t understand why you won # 8217 ; t allow me. . . do you semen ; it # 8217 ; s of import to me ; I mean, it merely doesn # 8217 ; t experience complete, it doesn # 8217 ; T seem right. Ms. Lewinsky testified that she and the President hugged, and # 8220 ; he said he didn # 8217 ; T privation to acquire addicted to me, and he didn # 8217 ; T want me to acquire addicted to him. # 8221 ; They looked at each other for a minute. Then, stating that # 8220 ; I don # 8217 ; t want to disappoint you, # 8221 ; the President consented. For the first clip, she performed unwritten sex through completion. TEXT 4 Harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, their sexual brush began with a sudden busss: # 8220 ; This was another one of those occasions when I was babbling on about something, and he merely kissed me, sort of to close me up, I think. # 8221 ; The President unfastened her blouse and touched her chests without taking her bra. # 8221 ; He went to travel set his manus down my bloomerss, and so I unzipped them because it was easier. And I didn # 8217 ; Ts have any panties on. And so he manually stimulated me. # 8221 ; Harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, # 8220 ; I wanted him to touch my genitalias with his genitalias, # 8221 ; and he did so, lightly and without incursion. Then Ms. Lewinsky performed unwritten sex on him, once more until he ejaculated. TEXT 5 I had set up in his dorsum office, I had brought an apple square and put a taper and had put his birthday presents out. And after he came back in and I sang happy birthday and he got his nowadayss, I asked him. . . if we could portion a birthday buss in award of our birthdays, because mine had been merely a few hebdomads earlier. So, he said that that was all right and we could sort of crook the regulations that twenty-four hours. And so. . . we kissed. Ms. Lewinsky touched the President # 8217 ; s genitalias through his bloomerss and moved to execute unwritten sex, but the President rebuffed her. In her remembrance: # 8221 ; He said, I # 8217 ; m seeking non to make this and I # 8217 ; m seeking to be good. . . .He got visibly upset. And so. . . I hugged him and I told him I was sorry and non to be upset. # 8221 ; Later, in a bill of exchange note to # 8220 ; Handsome, # 8221 ; Ms. Lewinsky referred to this visit: # 8220 ; It was atrocious when I saw you for your birthday in August. You were so distant that I missed you as I was keeping you in my arms. # 8221 ; TEXT 6 In the hallway by the survey, the President and Ms. Lewinsky kissed. On this juncture, harmonizing to Ms. Lewinsky, # 8220 ; he focused on me reasonably entirely, # 8221 ; snoging her bare chests and caressing her genitalias. At one point, the President inserted a cigar into Ms. Lewinsky # 8217 ; s vagina, so put the cigar in his oral cavity and said: # 8220 ; It tastes good. # 8221 ; After they were finished, Ms. Lewinsky left the Oval Office and walked through the Rose Garden. # 8221 ;

Question Bank free essay sample

What is Software Development Life Cycle? (SDLC) (2 mks) System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing information systems through a multi-step process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. b) Draw a diagram for pure waterfall life cycle. (5 mks) [pic] c)Explain the different phases involved in waterfall life cycle. (8 mks) Phase I – Modeling Phase In this phase we view the software product as part of a larger system or organization where the product is required. This is basically a system view where all the system elements are created. Phase II – Software Requirements Analysis Here we have a phase where the requirements are gathered. The information domain for the software is understood. The function, behaviour, performance and interfacing of the software are determined. The requirements of the software and the customer are decided upon. Phase III – Design This determines the data structures, the software architecture, the interface representations and the procedural (algorithmic) detail that goes into the software. We will write a custom essay sample on Question Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Phase IV – Code Generation Here the actual programming is done to obtain the machine code; it is an implementation of the design. Phase V – Testing The testing is a process that goes hand in hand with the production of the machine code. There are a number of testing strategies. First unit testing is done and then integration testing. Alpha testing is to see if the software is as per the analysis model whereas beta testing is to see if the software is what the customer wanted. Phase VI – Installation The software is released to the customer. Phase VII Maintenance This is the largest phase of the software life cycle. Maintenance can be of different types: to modify the software as the requirements of the customer evolve, to remove the residual bugs in the software etc. 2)What is feasibility study? What are the contents we should contain in the feasibility report? (5 mks) A feasibility study is an initial look at an existing information processing system to decide how it might be computerized or improved. The contents that a feasibility report are: †¢ A statement of purpose of the system. †¢ A definition of system scope. †¢ A list of deficiencies of the current system. †¢ A statement of user requirements. The cost and benefits of development. †¢ A conclusion and recommendations. 3)What are the purposes of Data Flow diagrams, Entity-Relationship diagrams? Give an example diagram of each. (10 mks) Data Flow Diagrams Data Flow diagrams are a means of representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes, and data sources/destinations. The purpose of data flow diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and systems developers. The diagrams are: †¢ Graphical Eliminating thousands of words; Logical representations Modeling WHAT a system does, rather than physical models showing HOW it does it †¢ Hierarchical showing systems at any level of detail; and †¢ Jargonless allowing user understanding and reviewing. [pic] Entity Relationship Diagram E-R Diagram is a graphical representation of the data layout of a system at a high level of abstraction. It defines data elements and their inter-relationships in the system [pic] 4)What is data modeling? Give 5 examples for data modeling. (5 mks) Data modeling is the act of exploring data-oriented structures. Like other modeling artifacts data models can be used for a variety of purposes, from high-level conceptual models to physical data models. From the point of view of an object-oriented developer, data modeling is conceptually similar to class modeling. With data modeling you identify entity types whereas with class modeling you identify classes. Data attributes are assigned to entity types just as you would assign attributes and operations to classes. Examples for data modeling include: †¢ Entity-Relationship diagrams †¢ Entity-Definition reports †¢ Entity and attributes report †¢ Table definition report Relationships, inheritance, composition and aggregation. 5)What is the difference between SRS document and design document? What are the contents we should contain in the SRS document and design document. SRS Document SRS document is a contract between the development team and the customer. Once the SRS document is approved by the customer, any subsequent controversies are settled by referring the SRS document. SRS document defines the customer’s requirements in terms of Functions, performance, external interfaces and design constraints. SRS Includes: †¢ Functional †¢ Non functional User †¢ Interface †¢ System Design Document The purpose of a design is to describe how the enhancements will be incorporated into the existing project. It should contain samples of the finished product. This could include navigational mechanism screenshots, example reports, and component diagrams. Design Includes: †¢ E-R Diagrams †¢ Data flow diagrams †¢ Data Dictionary 6)Explain all the phases involved in the implementation phase. (10 mks) Conduct system Test In this test software packages and in – house programs have been installed and tested, we need to conduct a final system test. All software packages, custom- built programs, and many existing programs that comprise the new system must be tested to ensure that they all work together This task involves analysts, owners, users, and builders. Prepare Conversion Plan On successful completion of system test, we can begin preparations to place the new system into operation. Using the design specifications for the new system, the system analyst will develop a detailed conversion plan. This plan will identify Database to be installed, end – user training and documentation that needed to be developed, and a strategy for converting from the old system to the new system. The conversion plan may include one of the following commonly used installation strategies 1)  Abrupt Cut-over 2)  Parallel Conversion 3)  Location Conversion 4) Staged Conversion Install Databases In the previous phase we built and tested the database. To place the system into operation we need fully loaded databases. The purpose of this task is to populate the new systems databases with existing database from the old system. System builders play a primary role in this activity. Train Users Converting to a new system necessitates that system users be trained and provided with documentation that guides them through using the new system. Training can be performed one on one; however group training is preferred. This task will be completed by the system analysts and involves system owners and users. Convert to New System Conversion to the new system from old system is a significant milestone. After conversion, the ownership of the system officially transfers from the analysts and programmers to the end users. The analyst completes this task by carrying out the conversion plan Recall that the conversion plan includes detailed installation strategies to follow for converting from the existing to the new production information system. This task involves the system owners, users, analysts, designers, and builders. 7)List and explain different types of testing done during the testing phase. (10 mks) Unit Involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. Unit testing involves the use of debugging technology and testing techniques at an application component level and is typically the responsibility of the developers, not the QA staff. Integration As the system is integrated, it is tested by the system developer for specification compliance. †¢Concerned with testing the system as it is integrated from its components †¢Integration testing is normally the most expensive activity in the systems integration process †¢Should focus on: †¢Interface testing where the interactions between sub-systems and components are tested †¢Property testing where system properties such as reliability, performance and usability are tested System Testing the system as a whole to validate that it meets its specification and the objectives of its users. The testing of a complete system prior to delivery. The purpose of system testing is to identify defects that will only surface when a complete system is assembled. That is, defects that cannot be attributed to individual components or the interaction between two components. System testing includes testing of performance, security, configuration sensitivity, startup and recovery from failure modes. Involves test cases designed to validate that an application and its supporting hardware/software components are properly processing business data and transactions. System testing requires the use of regression testing techniques to validate that business functions are meeting defined requirements. Black Box This is testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested. For example, when black box testing is applied to software engineering, the tester would only know the legal inputs and what the expected outputs should be, but not how the program actually arrives at those outputs. It is because of this that black box testing can be considered testing with respect to the specifications, no other knowledge of the program is necessary. For this reason, the tester and the programmer can be independent of one another, avoiding programmer bias toward his own work. White Box Also known as glass box, structural, clear box and open box testing. White Box is a software testing technique whereby explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested are used to select the test data. Unlike Black Box testing, white box testing uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs. The test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to do. He or she can then see if the program diverges from its intended goal. White box testing does not account for errors caused by omission, and all visible code must also be readable. 8)List and explain all the phases involved in the construction phase. (10 mks) Build and Test Networks †¢ In many cases new or enhanced applications are built around existing networks. If so there is no problem. †¢ However if the new application calls for new or modified networks they must normally be implemented before building and testing databases and writing or installing computer programs that will use those networks. This phase involves analysts, designers and builders †¢ A network designer and network administrator assume the primary responsibility for completing this task. Build and Test Databases †¢ This task must immediately precede other programming activities because databases are the resource shared by the computer programs to be written. If new or modified databases are required for the new system, we can now build and test those databases. †¢ This task involves system users, analysts, designers, and builders. †¢ The same system specialist that designed the database will assume the primary responsibility in completing this task Install and Test New Software Packages †¢ Some systems solutions may have required the purchase or lease of software packages. If so, once networks and databases for the new system have been built, we can install and test the new software. †¢ This activity typically involves systems analysts, Designers, builders, vendors and consultants. Write and Test New Programs †¢ In this phase we are ready to develop any programs for the new system. Prototype programs are frequently constructed in the design phase. However, these prototypes are rarely fully functional or incomplete. This task involves the system analysts, designers and builders. 9)What is data conversion? Why is it necessary? Data Conversion is the changing of the data structure to accommodate new or different needs for the data. Different operating systems have different application software, and each application normally has its own internal way of saving data. There are some standards such as CSV files for databases and RTF files for word processing text, however, these are few and far between and often only save the basic information rather than the full structure. 10)What is change management? Computer based systems are dynamic. As the business Environment changes, there is a need of some changes to the information system. The changes occur not only during the study, design, and development phases of the life cycle of the system. In this process there are two elements that are essential to the management of change. †¢ The performance review board, which can make management–level decisions about system modifications. †¢ Baseline documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the extent and impact of proposed modifications. 11)What is user acceptance testing? Explain different testings in user acceptance testing. Why is it necessary? User Acceptance Testing is a phase of software development in which the software is tested in the real world by the intended audience. Different testings are: Alpha Testing Alpha testing is the software prototype stage when the software is first able to run. It will not have all the intended functionality, but it will have core functions and will be able to accept inputs and generate outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developers offices on a separate system. Beta Testing The beta phase of software design exposes a new product, which has just emerged from in-house (alpha) testing, to a large number of real people, real hardware, and real usage. Beta testing is not a method of getting free software long-term, because the software expires shortly after the testing period. User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients in-house) 12)What are functional and non-functional requirements? Functional †¢ How the system should react to the particular inputs †¢ How the system should behave to the particular situations †¢ What the system should not do Non functional †¢ Constraints on the services or functions †¢ Time constraints †¢ Constraints on the development process 13)Explain the steps involved in the prototyping 1. Define the goal and purpose of the prototyping. 2. Make plans for iterations (number, range) and evaluations (dates). 3. Transform the conceptual design to a first outline of the user interface and a first synopsis for the users’ information. 4. Design the paper prototype. 5. Let domain experts review the paper prototype regarding completeness and correctness. 6. Test the prototype’s usability.

Obama the First Black President free essay sample

America with Barack Obama becoming the first black president of the United States. Overnight the African American population got an Image that they always wanted to have. It was the greatest political victory In the history of black America. During the 2008 presidential election Senator Barack Obama received support from many hip hop artists Like Young Jeez, Jay-Z, Drake and Will I am.These artists expressed their support for his election by mentioning Barack Obama ;s name and his political affiliations in their years or Just spread messages over the daily media which is used today like the Internet. The artists used Backbone, Youth, Twitter for telling the fans of their music to vote for Barack Obama. This support created a huge interest in politics amongst the younger generation and strengthened support among hip hop fans for Barack Beams election as President.Many people see Hip Hop as party music; where it should Just move the crowd, the link to gangs and rap, graffiti, breakneck, violence and the extraordinary lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Obama the First Black President or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It Is not all like that It can also be regarded as literally Important; hip-hop has a long history of artists recording songs with explicitly political Intent. This term paper Investigates the link between HIP Hop, politics and Barack Obama as an issue. How Barack Obama got involved Into HIP Hop. The first chapter will give you a short overview about what is Hip Hop and when did it come into existence?The second chapter will outline the roots of political hip-hop. In the last chapter you will get information about how Barack Obama got involved into Hip Hop with the help of media, which artists supported him and spread messages ever Youth, or mentioned his name in their lyrics to make the population of America vote for him during the 2008 election. Examining the song texts you will get an overview about which artist was supportive and which one less. 2. What Is HIP Hop? These words we say, we want yea II to hearWere goanna make a lot of sense- were goanna make It clear These phrases tell the people what Hip Hop is about. In Hip Hop is every word important the artists express themselves by speaking. According to wrath s the Joint: The Hip Hop Reader is rap mostly spoken with a rhythm of bass, drums, and some keyboard sounds. The Hip Hop history started in the early sasss where some of the elements that make up rap music were included in Blues and Jazz. Hip Hop and Rap music became its own music genre in the sasss created by African- Americans and Latino- Americans.It started in the South Bronx of New York where the artists created a beautiful, prideful expression of music, art and dance from a background of poverty. DC s began with scratching records and made rhythms, beats and other sounds. Rap music Is a form of rhymed storytelling accompanied by highly rhythmic, electronically based music. Rappers would speak with the voice of personal experience, From the outset rap music has articulated the pleasures and problems of black urban life In America.In 1982 Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five released the single The Message and Fathers of Hip Hop, Run DMS a group of three men pioneered rap music in the 1980 s. They were the first rappers who got a gold album, a platinum album, a multi- platinum album, a music video on MAT and they were the first rappers seen on TV and who were in several magazines. Since then Hip Hop inspired lots of people all over the world. It is discussed as an art form which includes not Just rap but also: the DC, the emcee, graffiti writing, and break dancing. 3.Political Hip Hop Political Hip Hop can be used as an educational tool and make people think about what is going on in the world. The lyrics often have a political impact which is based on the issues of political economy. But they can also be seen as real-life reflections and draw attention to problems in their country. Political Lyrics can have a lot of political functions. They can stand for public social critique and political discourse. They invite the population to political participation for example: see the political issues and causes or simply go and vote.By promoting particular courses of action they can lead to better social conditions. According to Benefited (2009) is Hip- Hop music political on all different kinds of levels. Politics play an important role in Hip- Hop. Already in 1988 a front man of the rap group Public Enemy said that Hip Hop is the Black CNN. Travis L. Goes(2) says that Hip Hop music was more political in the sasss and sasss and had more political meaningfulness up to the mid sasss. After that gangster rap became more and more popular in the African- American society. Political rap got replaced by pornographic music videos, extreme materialism, individualism, and anti- intellectualism.. . . (3) The shift from Public Enemys Fight The Power (1988) to Snoop Dogs Gin and Juice,(3) was in the mid sasss simply rhyming which was mostly about urban social conditions, being a gangster and violence. In 2008 a lot of hip hop artists stood up for Senator Barack Obama during his campaign which is widely viewed as one of the most successful presidential campaign in U. S. History.They supported him during the election through media, song lyrics and short videos and showed that politics are important. They wanted to move the American population to vote for the first black President. The next pages will give you an overview about Obama becoming the first Hip Hop President. 4. Obama the first Hip Hop President Hip Hop music and the culture got more and more popular outside the Hip Hop community. The artists have been writing songs for a larger audience. The songs are being played in the clubs all over the world even not native speaker of English can understand what it is about.When Hip Hop artists used Obama in their lyrics during the 2008 presidential election the whole world could listen to their music about him on the radio in the clubs or through media, like the internet. In a Youth Interview (4) Barack Obama was asked about his opinion on Hip Hop and rap in 2008. He admitted that he likes Hip Hop especially Jay Z and Kenya West and he likes the art about it but he is concerned about some lyrics where the artists Just rap about material stuff like money, cars and houses.Also they often use the word Niger ND can give a lot to younger people. It is not Just a mirror it should be a reflection, (4) (Obama interview) reflection of life, a message that is spread through music to the younger generation. Barack Obama said that he does not think that the young generation gets their information through the New York Times. It is easier to listen to music which you like and get your information out of it. A lot of artists supported Barack Obama during his election in 2008 also Jay Z, Kenya West, Ill Wayne and Will I am. Will I am made for example a video which you can see on Youth with several artists and celebrities singing the famous mimes We Can slogan and also included elements of Barack Obama s speech. The others made so called mistakes where they made a remix of their songs with Obama and his political afflictions. The most remixed words were change and hope. According to Travis L. Goes they should energize unlikely black voters(5) and identify Obama as meaningfully black by making him an honorary member of the Hip Hop community.The election of Barack Obama as the first black president is an important symbol for the African- American society of America after the Civil rights movement. Some of the Hip Hop artists compare him even to Martin Luther King Jar. And Malcolm X. A vote for Obama is a vote for the important features hope, change and believing The society was however divided. According to Forman, Murray (2010) there were some public concerns about Senator Obama s age and relative inexperience, his lack of political pedigree, and crucially, concerns about his identity as a black man. (6) On the other site these factors were welcomed for the young voters because it was something new. Something they never had before in compare to the standard Laotians. He represents himself with an elegance, intellectual acumen and great rhetorical skills. As an American of mixed race, with black and white ancestry and a foreign and domestic heritage, Obama presents a different face of American politics and a new model of 21st (Forman, Murray 2010) Many people believed that the point of Barack Obama becoming the first black president would even reduce racism because people would have to accept a black president. This is also one reason why Hip Hop artist wanted to help to elect the first black president. They felt honored to rite lyrics about him as the new black hero of the future they wanted to make Beams presidency important. 5. Hip Hops support for Obama This chapter will give you the analysis of the song text by Jay Z My President is black and Ill Wayne s song Barack Obama A Mill (remix) how these two artists supported Barack Obama during his election in 2008. In their lyrics.Jay Gs song starts with the phrase My president is black my Maybe too First of all he is comparing Barack Obama to his car Maybe which is also black. This is even half true because Barack Obama is half black and half white. His father is Kenya and his mother is a white Kansas. Secondly he shows in the first line his materialism which is typical for the new hip hop of the millennium having big cars and spending a lot of money. Obama is a person which is not comparable with a thing in this case a car.In the following lines Jay Z raps about Barack Obama who is black but lives in a white lived in the White House of America. My President Is Black but his house is all white Rosa parks sat so martin Luther could walk martin Luther walked so Barack Obama could run Barack Obama ran so all the children could fly Furthermore he is comparing Obama to Martin Luther King Jar. And Rosa Parks. They were both civil rights activists. Rosa Parks was the first lady of the civil rights movement who did not give up her seat in the Montgomery bus boycott to a white passenger.It was the first resistance against racism and a symbol which was important for the African-American population. Also Martin Luther King Jar. Is a hero for that society. So Barack Obama is the new hero the symbol for African-Americans which should raise them to the next stage. He is like them and thats why they associate him with the words hope and change The last phrase of the citation is about children where Jay Z wants to show that Barack Obama inspired a lot of children to go for better and higher things like education for example.Probably he raps about black children who got inspired by the president since the four phrases are about black people. All in all Jay Z is pointing out that there must be a change you can keep yea puss I dont want no more bush no more war no more Iraq no more white lies the president is black. People got tired about lies of George W. Bush and the Iraq war. Barack Obama should be the new President. Conclusion While Obama is an African-American man, he is not the Lampooning-driving, handgun-toting, sandbagging boy from the hood that these lyrics frequently illustrate.The image he had created for himself as a trustworthy, intelligent man, who would bring political and social change to the United States becomes challenged by hip-hops association with ideals that voters may find unclear and unappealing. This study has found that the words used to describe Obama in hip-hop lyrics are positive sounding and reflect his abilities as a leader and a powerful man. However, the lyrics in which these words are found become problematic as they associate Barack Obama with a culture and lifestyle where he simply does not belong as someone who is campaigning for the United States Presidency.While these songs are written in strong support of Obama as a President, the lyrics do not reflect the general way of life and opinions of the potential voters, and thus the relationship between hip-hop and Obama may be problematic for individuals who support Obama as the next President. The study further established that the number of mimes Obama is mentioned in these song lyrics has little or no effect on the overall message that the artist is attempting to communicate.The most popular words that are found in these songs are also problematic, as the lyrics contained extensive use of provocative and insensitive language. Furthermore, the songs that were analyzed make extensive referrals to stereotypical and clickd images of African-American culture. While this is very common in hip-hop music, it should not be common in songs written about Obama, as it connects his identity as a black man too problematic culture and lifestyle.

How to Read and Write Files in Perl

How to Read and Write Files in Perl Perl is an ideal language for working with files. It has the basic capability of any shell script and advanced tools, such as regular expressions, that make it useful. In order to work with Perl files, you first need to learn how to read and write to them. Reading a file is done in Perl by opening a filehandle to a specific resource. Reading a File in Perl In order to work with the example in this article, youll need a file for the Perl script to read. Create a new text document called  data.txt  and place it in the same directory as the Perl program below. In the file itself, just type in a few names - one per line: When you run the script, the output should be the same as the file itself. The script is simply opening the specified file and looping through it line by line, printing each line as it goes. Next, create a filehandle called MYFILE, open it, and point it at the  data.txt file. Then use a simple while loop to automatically read each line of the data file one at a time. This places the value of each line in the temporary variable $_ for one loop. Inside the loop, use the chomp function to clear off the newlines from the end of each line and then print the value of $_ to show that it was read. Finally, close the filehandle to finish out the program. Writing to a File in Perl Take the same data file you worked with while learning to read a file in Perl. This time, you will write to it. To write to a file in Perl, you must open a filehandle and point it at the file youre writing. If youre using Unix, Linux or a Mac, you might also need to double-check your file permissions to see if your Perl script is allowed to write to the data file. If you run this program and then run the program from the previous section on reading a file in Perl, youll see that it added one more name to the list. In fact, every time you run the program, it adds another Bob to the end of the file. This is happening because the file was opened in  append  mode. To open a file in append mode, just prefix the filename with the  Ã‚  symbol. This tells the open function that you want to write to the file by tacking more onto the end of it. If  instead,  you want to overwrite the existing file with a new one, you use the  Ã‚  single greater than symbol to tell the open function that you want a fresh file each time. Try replacing the with a and you see that the data.txt file is cut down to a single name - Bob - each time you run the program. Next, use the print function to print the new name to the file. You print to a filehandle by following the print statement with the filehandle. Finally, close the filehandle to finish out the program.

Industry Overview paper (Automotive)

Industry Overview paper (Automotive) The automotive industry has a long history, with a strong part in the economics of the country. We will discuss a brief history of the automotive industry and give a brief overview. We will also give a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and Trends (SWOTT) analysis of the industry. We will also address the impact of the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the unemployment rate, and the inflation rate as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). We will also include and discuss three economic indicators, auto sales, personal income, and Federal Reserve actions.History of the Automotive IndustryThe automotive industry is the area of commerce that plans, designs, manufacturer's, and markets automobile models. The automobile industry is concerned with profits and competition; with consumer demands for styling, safety, and efficiency; and with labor relations and manufacturing efficiency. The first successful self-propelled road vehicle was a steam automobile invented in 1770 by the French engineer Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725-1804).Brush Electric BusThe purpose of the self-propelled vehicle was to transport artillery, and the vehicle ran on three wheels. In Great Britain the inventors William Murdock (1754-1839) and James Watt constructed another form of automobile in 1781, and in 1784 Murdock and Watt produced a model of a wagon that used the power of a high-pressure, non-condensing steam engine. The British inventor Richard Trevithick built the first automobile built to carry passengers in 1801. In the U.S., the inventor Oliver Evans (1755-1819) obtained the first patent on a steam carriage in 1789. In 1803, he built a self-propelled steam dredge, regarded as the first self-propelled vehicle to operate over American roads. By, 1830 steam coaches were in regular daily use to transport passengers over English roads. Starting in 1831 restrictive legislation in England forced the steam coaches off the roads, and by...

How to Be an Anti-Racist Ally

How to Be an Anti-Racist Ally Do you feel overwhelmed by the destructive power of racism, but unsure of what to do about it? The good news is, while the  scope of racism in the U.S. might be vast, progress is possible. Step-by-step and piece-by-piece, we can work to end racism, but to begin this work, we must truly understand what racism is. First, review how sociologists define racism, then consider ways that each of us can work to end it. What Is Racism? Sociologists see racism in the U.S. as systemic it is embedded in every aspect of our social system. This systemic racism is characterized by unjust enrichment of white people, unjust impoverishment of people of color, and an overall unjust distribution of resources across racial lines (money, safe spaces, education, political power, and food, for example). Systemic racism is made up of racist ideologies and attitudes, including subconscious and implicit ones that might even seem well-meaning. It is a system that grants privileges and benefits to whites at the expense of others. This system of social relations is perpetuated by racist worldviews from positions of power (in the police or news media, for example), and alienates people of color who are subordinated, oppressed, and marginalized by such forces. It is the unjust costs of racism born by people of color, like denial of education and employment, incarceration, mental and physical illness, and death. It is racist ideology that rationalizes and justifies racist oppression, like the media narratives that criminalize victims of police and vigilante violence, like Michael Brown, Trayvon Martin, and Freddie Gray, as well as many others.​ To end racism, we must combat it everywhere it lives and thrives. We must confront it in ourselves, in our communities, and in our nation.  No one person can do it all or do it alone, but we can all do things to help, and in doing so, work collectively to end racism. This brief guide will help get you started. At the Individual Level These actions are mostly for white people, but not exclusively. Listen to, validate, and ally with people who report personal and systemic racism. Most people of color report that whites do not take claims of racism seriously. It’s time to stop defending the idea of a post-racial society, and recognize instead that we live in a racist one. Listen to and trust those who report racism, because anti-racism begins with basic respect for all people.Have hard conversations with yourself about the racism that lives within you. When you find yourself making an assumption about people, places, or things,  challenge yourself by asking whether you know the assumption to be true, or if it is something you have simply been taught to believe by a racist society. Consider facts and evidence, especially those found in academic books and articles about race and racism, rather than hearsay and â€Å"common sense.†Be mindful of the commonalities that humans share, and practice empathy. Do not fixate on difference, though it is important to be aware of it and the implications of it, particularly as regards power and privilege. Remember that if any kind of injustice is allowed to thrive in our society, all forms can. We owe it to each other to fight for an equal and just society for all. At the Community Level If you see something, say something. Step in when you see racism occurring, and disrupt it in a safe way. Have hard conversations with others when you hear or see racism, whether explicit or implicit. Challenge racist assumptions by asking about supporting  facts and evidence  (in general, they do not exist). Have conversations about what led you and/or others to have racist beliefs.Cross the racial divide (and others) by offering friendly greetings to people, regardless of race, gender, age, sexuality, ability, class, or housing status. Think about who you make eye contact with, nod to, or say â€Å"Hello† to while you are out in the world. If you notice a pattern of preference and exclusion, shake it up. Respectful, friendly, everyday communication is the essence of community.Learn about the racism that occurs where you live, and do something about it by participating in and supporting anti-racist community events, protests, rallies, and programs. For example, you could: Support voter registration and polling in neighborhoods where people of color live because they have historically been marginalized from the political process.Donate time and/or money to community organizations that serve youth of color.Mentor white kids on being anti-racist citizens who fight for justiceSupport post-prison programs, because the inflated incarceration rates of black and Latino people lead to their long-term economic and political  disenfranchisement.Support community organizations that serve those bearing the mental, physical, and economic costs of racism.Communicate with  your local and state government officials and institutions about how they can help end racism in the communities they represent. At the National Level Advocate for Affirmative Action practices in education and employment.  Countless studies have found that qualifications being equal, people of color are rejected for employment and admission to educational institutions far greater rates than white people. Affirmative Action initiatives help mediate this problem of racist exclusion.Vote for candidates who make ending racism  a priority; vote for candidates of color.  In todays federal government, people of color remain disturbingly underrepresented. For a racially just democracy to exist, we must achieve accurate representation, and the governing of  representatives must actually represent the experiences and concerns of our diverse  populace.Combat racism through national-level political channels.  For example, you could: Write senators and members of Congress to  demand an end to racist practices in law enforcement, the judiciary, education, and the media.Advocate for national legislation that would criminalize racist police practices and institute ways to monitor police behavior, like body cams or independent investigations.Join the movement for reparations  for  the descendants of African slaves and other historically oppressed populations within the U.S., because theft of land, labor, and denial of resources is the foundation of American racism, and it is on this foundation that contemporary inequalities thrive. Keep in mind that you dont have to do all of these things in your fight against  racism. Whats important is that we all do at least something.

Definition and Examples of Gradatio in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Gradatio in Rhetoric Gradatio is a  rhetorical term for a sentence construction in which the last word(s) of one clause becomes the first of the next, through three or more clauses (an extended form of anadiplosis). Gradatio has been described as the marching or climbing figure of speech. Also known as  incrementum and the marching figure (Puttenham) Jeanne Fahnestock points out that gradatio could be described as one of the patterns of topic/comment or given/new organization identified by 20th-century text linguists, where the new information closing one clause becomes the old information opening the next (Rhetorical Figures in Science, 1999). Etymology From the Latin, gradationem ascent by steps; a climax. Examples They call for you: The general who became a slave; the slave who became a gladiator; the gladiator who defied an Emperor. Striking story.(Joaquin Phoenix in the film Gladiator, 2000)Men often hate each other because they fear each other; they fear each other because they dont know each other; they dont know each other because they can not communicate; they can not communicate because they are separated.(Martin Luther King, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story, 1958)In the loveliest town of all, where the houses were white and high and the elms trees were green and higher than the houses, where the front yards were wide and pleasant and the back yards were bushy and worth finding out about, where the streets sloped down to the stream and the stream flowed quietly under the bridge, where the lawns ended in orchards and the orchards ended in fields and the fields ended in pastures and the pastures climbed the hill and disappeared over the top toward the wonderful wide sky, i n this loveliest of all towns Stuart stopped to get a drink of sarsaparilla.(E.B. White, Stuart Little. Harper, 1945) One voice can change a room. And if it can change a room, it can change a city. And if it can change a city, it can change a state. And if it can change a state, it can change a nation. And if it can change a nation, it can change a world.(Barack Obama, presidential campaign speech in Des Moines, Iowa, November 5, 2012)The only graceful way to accept an insult is to ignore it; if you cant ignore it, top it; if you cant top it, laugh at it; if you cant laugh at it, its probably deserved.(Russell Lynes)We glory in tribulations also: knowing that tribulation worketh patience; and patience, experience; and experience, hope: and hope maketh not ashamed; because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us.(Paul, Romans 5:3)If you sow a thought, you reap an act. If you sow an act, you reap a habit. If you sow a habit, you reap a character. And if you sow a character, you reap a destiny.(anonymous, quoted by Samuel Smiles in Life and Labor, 1887) She abandoned religion for mesmerism, mesmerism for politics, and politics for the melodramatic excitements of philanthropy.(Vivian in Oscar Wilde’s The Decay of Lying, 1891)Design must have had a designer. That designer must have been a person. That person is GOD.(William Paley, Natural Theology, 1963)All our knowledge brings us nearer to our ignorance,All our ignorance brings us nearer to death,But nearness to death no nearer to God.(T. S. Eliot, Chorus from The Rock, 1934)It takes an egg to make a henIt takes a hen to make an eggThere is no end to what Im sayingIt takes a thought to make a wordAnd it takes a word to make an action.(Jason Mraz, Life is Wonderful) Shakespeares Use of Gradatio My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,And every tongue brings in a several tale,And every tale condemns me for a villain.(William Shakespeare, King Richard III, 1591?)[F]or your brother and my sister no sooner met but they looked; no sooner looked but they loved; no sooner loved but they sighed; no sooner sighed but they asked one another the reason; no sooner knew the reason but they sought the remedy; and in these degrees have they made a pair of stairs to marriage which they will climb incontinent, or else be incontinent before marriage . . ..(Rosalind to Orlando in William Shakespeares As You Like It, Act Five, scene 2) Pronunciation: gra-DA-see-o

Innovation and Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Innovation and Change - Assignment Example However it depends upon various factors including willingness to bring a change, vision for change, determination as well as leadership qualities, certainty of progress in right direction and guidance (Jarret, 2009). Different people have different strengths and weaknesses when it comes to finding a solution for their problems, but it is the circumstances due to which they come up with something extra ordinary and contribute to the process of innovation (Mayle, 2006). According to Rosanne Cash â€Å"The key to change... is to let go of fear†. A change can only occur when people let their guard off and let things happen as they please. Innovation on the other hand is derived from a Latin word that means â€Å"to introduce something new to the existing realm and order of things†. In simple words it’s kind of a small revolution in its self (Shavinina 2003). Innovation or change does not occur randomly but thoughts and effort is put into the process to implement a su ccessful change. Lots of decision making goes into this process which is affected by mental models, personal bias and stereotypes that consistently influence the decision makers during statistical computation (Jarret 2009). This does not mean that decisions made are effective sometimes they can be flawed as well. In fact many times the greatest obstacle in the way of innovative change is the flawed human judgment. For example, mergers largely fail to achieve potential. Failure in achieving an effective change can be due to many factors like lack of vision, poor processing, inappropriate business strategies etc. but being able to manage a flawed judgment is the key to survival. Change has to be strategized in a way that leads to successful future yet satisfies short term requirements (Holbeche 2006). Theories of Innovation and Change Different theories about innovation have been brought by different scholar that are being seen practically implemented on to this world such theories as presented by Max Weber, Nisbet, etc are important to be discussed so that change innovation can be well comprehended. With the existence of social science there have been untimely diverse changes in the society. The theory that emerged from Robert Nisbet was the first time people started noticing that there is link between change and society with its past and the present, and here started a new debate. Nisbet’s thesis presented the fact that there can be no reflection or study upon the social change evolving hence it is not measurable and it is distinguishable from the intellectual activity which is usually referred as history (Boudan 1986). Revolution can be defined as a social change that place within a very short period of time. Social change is made up of four factors that are; Modernization, Diffusion, cultural lag and indigenously initiated alteration within the systems. When society is not able to cope up with the forced factors that have been involved into it, change s in that society are inevitable and thus revolution comes into that society. Max Weber was the first person who thought that social changes are rather just not linked to the economics going on around people but to the entire social sciences that are revolving around us. These kinds of changes are important to be discussed and mentioned in researches where social communication is involved (Boudon 1986). Leadership of innovation and change: With the acceleration in the onset of change and innovation, leaders have to evaluate

Fords marketing strategy The Way Forward Case Study - 1

Fords marketing strategy The Way Forward - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that Ford is one of the top ten leading global brands in terms of revenue.   In 2008 to 2009 however, Ford and the automotive industry, in general, experienced difficulty. Its competitors Chrysler and General Motors declared bankruptcy and the company itself is in danger experiencing a substantial decline in sales of 23.4 percent in 2008 to 2009. In an attempt to jump-start sales and save the company, Ford’s new CEO, Man Mulally the former EVP of Boeing (who incidentally helped saved the company’s declining sales after 9/11 attack) implemented a marketing strategy dubbed â€Å"The Way Forward† which served as the company’s blueprint to overcome the 2008-2009 crisis. There are several marketing issues in Ford’s marketing strategy â€Å"The Way Forward†. These are market segmentation, refocused marketing effort and pricing in addition to cutting costs. Perhaps what saved Ford from bankruptcy during the very difficult time of 2008-2009 crisis was its decision to refocus its marketing efforts towards emerging markets. Not only did the company experienced an increase in sales during this difficult time but it also saved on cost when it sold its Volvo subsidiary to leave its maturing market in Europe. As it turned out, it had to keep up with the challenge of the increasing demand rather than get anxious about declining sales.  

In major militay conflicts, matters of logistics are often crucial in Essay

In major militay conflicts, matters of logistics are often crucial in deciding the overall outcome of wars. Discuss with refere - Essay Example The joint delivery lines were not widened and pursued the marine docks with the Royal Navy taking over the Mediterranean. The major apprehension was submarines. Airplanes were not as dominant in World War I as they were in World War II â€Å"to sink a capital ship† (Brown, p. 72, 1998). Throughout World War I, unhampered submarine combat had a considerable force on the capability of Britain's partners to keep distribution paths open, at the same time as the huge volume of the German armed forces showed a lot more for its railways to sustain apart from the time when halted in trench conflict. Logistics, intermittently termed as ‘battle service sustenance’ (Brown, p. 76, 1998), should deal with extremely doubtful circumstances. Whereas ideal estimates are hardly ever achievable, estimates models can decrease vagueness regarding what materials or facilities will be considered necessary, at what place and at what time they will be wanted, or the most excellent method to supply them. Eventually, responsible representatives are required to make results on these issues, at times by means of instinct and logically evaluating substitutes as the circumstances call for and authorize (Shrader, p. 28, 1992). Their decisions should be supported not just by expert understanding of the several facets of logistics itself but as well on the perceptive of the interaction of directly linked armed forces concerns, for instance, line of attack, approaches, aptitude, guidance, recruits, and funding. On the other hand, case studies have revealed that quantitative numerical investigations are mostly an important enhancement on individual decision. One such example is the application of â€Å"Applied Information Economics by the Office of Naval Research and the Marine Corps for forecasting bulk fuel requirements for the battlefield† (Shrader, p. 48, 1992). In most important armed forces clashes, logistics issues are mostly decisive in choosing the general effe ct of conflicts. â€Å"For instance, tonnage war - the bulk sinking of cargo ships - was a crucial factor in World War II† (Shrader, p. 65, 1992). The triumphant united anti-submarine movement in addition to the collapse of the German Navy to drop an adequate amount of shipment within the conflict of the Atlantic permitted Britain to remain in the conflict and set up the subsequent front in opposition to the Nazis; by distinction, the unbeaten U.S. submarine movement in opposition to Japanese marine transport through Asian seas successfully crippled its financial system as well as its armed forces creation potential. More commonly, shielding one's personal delivery lines as well as assaulting those of an opponent is a basic armed forces policy; an illustration of this as an entirely logistical movement for the armed forces way of executing strategic course of action was the Berlin Airlift. Armed forces logistics has initiated a number of procedures that have subsequently turn ed out to be extensively positioned within the profitable world (Creveld, p. 102, 1979). Functions study grew further than World War I

Pollution Prevention Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pollution Prevention - Case Study Example In this  assignment  we will look for the  stakeholder  of the chemical plants,  we will  identify  the  part  they play in making any  company  a success, we will also look at how a company can  function  such that it meets the needs of its stakeholder and at the same time maintain a quality standard.  We will also look at the factors that affect the quality of the product that the company produces and how it can be further improved upon.  Since, the only thing that is  constant  is change,  therefore  how to bring about a constant change that will keep the  stakeholder  happy  and will also  benefit  the accounts of the company (Chanlett, 1973). Stakeholders of any organization are those who, will  basically  benefit or  will be harmed  by the activities that  are carried  out by the firm.  For any organization  there are  broadly  two types of  stakeholder, internal  stakeholder  and external  stakeholder. ... They care about the profits  but  they are far more concerned about the success of any project they have initiated. Even those who  approve  the launch of the new product are all  stakeholder  of a project. The best possible way to meet the requirements and expectations of  stakeholder  is to produce results. The only things that the  stakeholder  wants are the results, the end product. The best way to  produce  the results is to have a business strategy designed in such a way that the end results  are met, and the most  appropriate  way  is to  design  the  strategy  in such a way that the goals are realistic, measurable and achievable, this will make it easy for the company to make the  stakeholder  happy. It is not  necessary  for the strategy to be a  huge  one  but  it should be an  effective  one. It is  important  that the roles and responsibilities are  pre assigned  and  the  relationship  of the peopl e involved  is clearly mentioned  and defined so that the work flow can  progress  effectively and smoothly.  Clear job descriptions should also be provided so that each and every person is aware of actually what they  are supposed  to do and what extent their contribution  is required.  There should also be an established performance  evaluation  system for the people involved in the implementation of the  policy  to make sure of its effectiveness.  Also, there should be a  proper  mechanism  which will work to make sure that the  policy  is being implemented  properly and as per the laid down rules (Chanlett, 1973). There should be  constant  checks on the  policy  that  has been implemented.  The environmental policy should be such that the objectives and the targets that  have been laid  down

Law reform regarding Animal Welfare Essay Example for Free

Law reform regarding Animal Welfare Essay As the world changes so do worldviews and therefore, so do the accepted morals and values of the time. With these changing morals and values come altering laws, amended or renewed to reflect these changing views. This is called law reform, in particular, the subject of Animal Welfare. Laws in relation to animal welfare have been made and amended to restore justice and equality to the voiceless members of society. Before recent times, the rights of animals had been severely overlooked. Attention has been brought to breeding and slaughtering practices around the world through wide scale media. In such countries these processes fly under the radar and are rarely monitored, until now. This is when worldwide regulations have to be put in place to ensure that appropriate and adequate treatments are adhered to around the world. Most animal cruelties on a small scale are kept quiet, and are performed either in secluded areas away from prying eyes or those who witness such things are unable or unsure of how to seek justice. Although most of the first laws regarding animal protection from human mistreatment were made in the early 19th Century, according to Peter Sankoff and Steven White’s book; ‘Animal Law in Australiasia’, these laws fall short of bringing adequate justice to the cruelties within Australia and New Zealand. Activists, academics, law professionals and many others share this view, giving even more reason to amend relevant legislation to cover any discrepancies and loopholes. Animal law has only recently emerged as a studied genre of law, which means it is slowly becoming more known. The constitution is the basis for all Australian law and in this case, particularly from section 51. Firstly, section 51 of the Constitution provides that the Parliament shall†¦ have power to make laws for peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to 39 subject matters, known as heads of power. Although the constitution itself doesn’t outline laws regarding animals other than fish, it does give the conditions in which other laws can be created. The Commonwealth can enact any law, provided that the law is characterized as being under at least one of the heads of power. Subject to some limitations, a law that is characterized as being one with respect to one of these heads of power will be valid although it may regulate some other matter that is not specifically allocated to the Commonwealth (such as animal welfare). Through external affairs powers and corporations power came these treaties: Examples of the treaties formed with other countries are as follows: * The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992, * The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973, * The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species and Wild Animals 1979 (‘the Bonn Convention’) and * The Convention on the Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific 1976 (‘the Apia Convention’). Mechanisms of Reform- Non-Government Organizations. Lawyers For Animals is an organization dedicated to advocating the need to improve animal welfare through education and law, as well as ‘Voiceless’. Voiceless is a non-profit organization dedicated to fostering networks for law professionals, academics and politicians to influence law and the need for law reform regarding animal welfare. They conduct research regarding agricultural industry practices, exposing legalized cruelty and promoting need for debate. They also attempt to inform the public about consuming and which products have and have not come from low quality, quantity breeders. They recognize the need for a voice that projects the facts of cruelty among everyday people and corporations that give way to law reform and law making in relation to the protection and rights of animals. By building a forum, social justice movement, funding in education, participation in events and forming relationships with law schools and firms, Voiceless hopes to provoke change an d awareness about animal welfare. The key issues that have been addressed as contemporary issues regarding this subject are; * Animals as property * Animals in agriculture * Animal welfare legislation * Labeling * Live animal export * Intensive livestock production and climate change * Animals used for scientific purposes * Animals used for entertainment * Pets * Pests * Wild animals * Fish and crustaceans These are a vast range of issues, which call for a vast range of bills to be introduced from a large number of interested politicians. Having animals as property and pets, means that we as humans own them. We dictate what it is they eat, drink, do etc. We are responsible for taking care of them, and the blatant fact is that many people don’t. As Gary Francione, distinguished professor of law, states animals are ‘as a matter of law, solely means to human ends. As such, their value is measured in terms of their usefulness to humans, and not in terms of their own interests’. The Animal Legal Defence Fund (‘ALDF’), was established in 1979 and has more than 100,000 dedicated lawyer members who apply their skills in a number of ways in order to protect the lives and advance the interests of animals through the legal system. For example, the ‘Litigation Program’ files cutting-edge lawsuits to stop the abuse of companion animals, and animals abused in industries including factory farming and the entertainment business; while the ‘Criminal Justice Program’ works with law enforcement and prosecutors to seek maximum penalties for animal abusers. ALDF has also been at the forefront of law reform in respect to one that can actually make a difference. With changing times also comes the once described as ‘likely to be the next great social justice movement’, animal welfare is becoming more well known. Universities have been reflecting this growing issue, providing more and more opportunities for education on and relating to animal rights and animals and the environment. Examples of such debates for reform topics and their respectable supporters ( as found on http://www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2008/will-‘animal-rights’-become-next-great-social-justice-movement) a re below: * Arguments in favour of basic legal rights for nonhumans (Steven Wise; President, Center for the Expansion of Fundamental Rights Inc., Coral Springs, Florida, USA ); * Suicide foods’: the anthropomorphising of animals (Prof Mark Kingwell, Uni of Toronto); * Animal rights activists’ case against the animal industries (Tom Regan, American philosopher and animal rights activist); * The philosophy behind animal welfare (Geoffrey Bloom, Geoffrey Bloom Associates); * The law and pig farming (Dr Malcolm Caulfield, legal counsel for Animals Australia); * Animals and the law in Australia: a livestock industry perspective ( Kathleen Plowman; General Manager Policy for Australian Pork Ltd, with Alan Person and John Topfer); * The treatment of feral animals (Graeme McEwen, Barristers Animal Welfare Panel); * The ethics of animal biotechnology (Professors Mickey Gjerris and Peter Sandoe, University of Copenhagen); * Animal derived food labelling (Katrina Sharman, Corporate Counsel , Voiceless, the fund for animals); * The common law and animal rights (Nichola Donovan, Lawyers for Animals); * Animals, guardianship and the local courts Another benefit human’s get from animals is profit. Breeding and meat production are industries where greed comes into play and animals needs and rights are forgotten. These NGO’s raise awareness and with the help of media, put pressure on the courts and parliament to introduce change. Certain ministers will be targeted and issues put forward to so that agencies have a representative in court. Animal Laws that already exsist: * Animal Welfare Act 1992 (ACT) * Animal Welfare Act 1999 (NT) * Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 (NSW) * Animal Care Protection Act 2001 (QLD) * Animal Welfare Act 1985 (SA) * Animal Welfare Act 1993 (TAS) * Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 (VIC) * Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA The shortcomings of these laws are the lack of equal treatment among animals used for scientific research and those that are pets. Eg: Cats will receive better treatment than pigs, as they are pets and pigs are used simply to grow and once they are grown, to eat. Again, seen as property beneficial to humans, which goes against the rules of law. The majority of the difficulties with enforcement stem from the manner by which the power to enforce animal welfare legislation is granted. The power is granted to: * State government departments; * the RSPCA; * and the police. Much of the enforcement is carried out by the RSPCA. It is the state and territory governments that are responsible for enacting legislation appropriate to their areas, therefore this will be done through the New South Wales Law Reform Commission. The New South Wales Law Reform Commission takes care of localized matters in relation to the state and the Australian Law Reform Commission takes care of matters to do with international treaties of trade and animal treatment. The New South Wales Law Reform Commission may be the pinnacle of law making bodies for New South Wales, The Australian Law Reform Commission itself recognizes the altering times and calls for change throughout the country. Dated 19th May 2009, David Weisbrot, President of the ALRC spoke at the University of Sydney about their views upon the issue, with the NGO ‘Voiceless’. He stated that; â€Å"I think we need; national – or at least harmonised – legislation that protects animal welfare; and is not set at the lowest common denominator; or is so riddled with loopholes that you could drive a large factory farm truck though.† From the President of the ALRC itself, one would have to assume actions were being made in establishing new laws regarding animals, however it is not so. In the recent years, there has been much talk of changes yet no actions or amendments have been put in place as a follow through of this talk. David also stated that we evolve over time, resulting in the need for law reform and that it is this slow and painstakingly gradual task. Reasons for law reform regarding animal welfare: An example of the altering views are prime in the subject of Sweden banning importations of Australian wool in the fear that it would be supporting mulesing. This could go on to be a major issue for the wool trade industry. Another concept is that of the changing and growing world, as the population grows, so does the need for food. This pressures farmers into states of mass production; Eg: The mass breeding and steroid use in chickens so that they reach adulthood 10x faster than usual, leaving their legs to break and mutate under the abnormal weight that grows too fast for the rest of the body to keep up. These chickens have shorter and extremely painful life spans, are kept in battery cages where there is no room for them to walk or sit. This issue has been addressed in documentaries attempting to make the public aware of the cruel and selfish origin their produce is coming from and spur politicians into addressing the subject with observance of practices and laws to protect such a nimals. As is seen in the many above genre’s relating to animals as pets, food and many other things, a massive need for appropriate and widespread legislation has surfaced. Ways of mass production are under complete scrutiny for cruel practices, while more monitoring of animal owners has become paramount for the RSPCA. Universities have opened doors to educating the worlds youth about this topic, providing a new force of law trained individuals, able to influence people within their league into the advertisement and hopeful altering of current laws. These trained professionals have the ability to uncover the shortcomings of current laws that have been so far swept under the rug, and take them to members of the State and Federal Governments for consideration. The Non-Government Organizations such as the RSPCA or Voiceless project widely held views of the public, who may not be as educated or influential within the political spectrum, but allow the public a say all the same. With a new influx of technology from the late 20th into modern 21st century, brings both positive and negative possibilities when monitoring and even bringing about animal cruelty. That is, one can use cameras placed in chicken farms to monitor such breeding, but it is the development of scientific technology that has allowed such abnormal growth in the first place. Education towards use of technology in a morally aware way should be a priority for the government, as well as making the public more aware of those cruelties that happen every single day. By making the public largely aware of various aspects of animal cruelty, many more opinions can be altered to support the work of the RSPCA and Voiceless, so that both the N.S.W Law Reform Commission and Australian Law Re form Commission can alter their own priorities and make changes to relative legislation. Bibliography: * http://www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/welfare * http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/reform * http://www.lawyersforanimals.org.au/documents/Animal-Law-Subject-Proposal.pdf * http://lawyersforanimals.org.au/ * http://www.federationpress.com.au/bookstore/book.asp?isbn=9781862877191 * http://www.animallaw.info/nonus/articles/ovaustrailia.htm * http://lsa.net.au/wcb-content/uploads/lsa/files/2011/Animal%20Law%20-%20a%20need%20for%20reform%20(LSA%20State%20Conference%20March%202011).pdf * http://www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2008/will-‘animal-rights’-become-next-great-social-justice-movement * http://www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2009/voiceless-animal-law-lecture-series